Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is Taj Mahal located?
|
Agra (N), now New Delhi
|
|
When was Islam established?
|
7th c
|
|
Monotheistic religion
|
Islam: single, universal vision of Truth
|
|
Who is Islam's Prophet?
|
Muhammad (619 recited Koran)
|
|
Is Pluralistic vision accepted in Islam?
|
No, must believe in one.
|
|
How was Islam introduced to the West Coast of India?
|
By Arab traders
|
|
How did the Sultanate of Delhi establish?
|
Raids upon N and W of India by Turks and Afghans
|
|
Who was the founding Sultan?
|
Qutb al-Din Aybak
|
|
Who created the first mosque?
|
Qutb al-Din Aybak
|
|
What are the two main monuments?
|
Mosques and tombs
|
|
What is the holiest sanctuary of Islam?
|
Kaaba in Mecca, center of Islamic world
|
|
What does the Fourth wall (qibla or front) marks a direction of?
|
mark as direction of Mecca toward which Muslims face for prayer
|
|
What are Arabesque?
|
flowery curves designs in Islamic Art
|
|
Where is Quwwat al-Islam Mosque (Might of Islam) located?
|
Delhi, India
|
|
When was Quwwat al-Islam Mosque (Might of Islam) established?
|
1198
|
|
Alai Darvazah
|
- Ceremonial gate of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque
- Completed in 1311 |
|
Qutb Minar
|
- Minaret tower-like of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque
- Completed in 13th c. - Used for focal point and to call prayers |
|
When was the Prayer Hall of Quwwat al-Islam Mosque completed?
|
12th c.
|
|
When was the Quwwat al-Islam Mosque's corbelled arch added?
|
1198
|
|
When did the Islamic culture emerge to India?
|
14th c.
|
|
Tughlak dynasty
|
- Current Delhi Sultanate
- Founder built massive fortified capital city name Tughlakabad |
|
Timur invading Tughlak dynasty caused what?
|
Delhi deserted for 15 years
|
|
Lodi Dynasty
|
- Emerged by 15th c.
- last dynasty of Delhi Sultanate - Erected many tomb structures in New Delhi - Iranian double dome introduced |
|
What was tomb building a symbol of?
|
- royal prerogative and a status symbol
|
|
What kind of tombs did Sultans build themselves?
|
octagonal tombs
|
|
What kind of tombs did nobles build themselves?
|
square ones
|
|
Bijapur
|
Deccan Sultanates (14th c.), Bahmani line
|
|
Mughal Empire
|
- 1526-1858
- Mughal were Turkish-Mongolian heritage - Ruled from Afghanistan to borders of Bengal (N India) |
|
Babur (Mughal Empire)
|
- 1526, ruler of central Asian principality
- Defeated the Lodi sultans in India and established himself in Delhi as emperor |
|
Akbar (Mughal Empire)
|
- R. 1556-1603
- Third monarch - stabilized and expanded empire and left his imprint on architecture and painting of India - doctrine removed discrimination against Hindus - Created centralized bureaucracy by organizing official into military ranks |
|
Humayun's Tomb
|
- 1st grand Mughal garden tomb placed in middle of char bagh (four part garden divided by four water channels)
- More Indian (Red sandstone) - Persian features -Geometric decoration |
|
Fatehpur Sikri
|
- Akbar's most ambitious project - - His new capital (S of New Delhi)
- Abandoned within 15 years |
|
Shah Jahan
|
- 1628-1658
- Mughal architecture use more marble extensively than before - Taj Mahal |
|
Taj Mahal
|
- 1631-1643
- Central tomb contains Shah Jahan's wife (Mumtaz Mahal) and Shah Jahan |
|
Who did the architect of Taj Mahal?
|
Ustad Ahmed Lahori
|
|
Who was the calligrapher for Taj Mahal?
|
Amanat Khan
|
|
What was Shah Jahan's new capital city's name?
|
- Shahjahanabad (Abode of Shah Jahan)
- 1648 |
|
Cenotaphs
|
tomb honoring a person
|
|
Jami Mosque
|
- c. 1650-1656
- Located in Shahjahanabad - Red sandstone |
|
Where is Shahjahanabad located?
|
North of Mughal Delhi
|
|
What is the earliest surviving illustrated manuscripts in W Indian style
|
12th c.
|
|
What did Sultanate art of the book introduce?
|
paper to Indian paintings
|
|
Bahmani
|
- mid - 14th c.
- Kingdom of Vijayanagara (ruled by Hindu monarchs) - |
|
When did 5 smaller Deccani sultanates form in Bahmani?
|
16th c.
|
|
Bijapur
|
- Deccani Sultanates
- formed under Ibrahim Adil Shah II - efflorescence painting, "the S Indian vision of Iran" |
|
Jahangir
|
- 1605-1627
- Son of Akbar - Symbolic relationship between patron and artist - Associate flower, animal and literary painting to Jahangir |
|
Nur Jahan
|
- Jahangir's wife
- one women patrons in India - popularized the use of realistic figures - Her greater contribution lay in architecture and gardens |
|
How did Mughal Empire influence art?
|
- Secular, pluralistic outlook: urbanism, individualism and more objective approach to nature
- engagement with external world, realism - close relationship between patron and artist |
|
17th c. paintings is dominated by two tendencies:
|
formal Persian arrangement of lines and colors and the new requirements of naturalism (inspired by European prints)
|
|
Mughal painting reflects Akbar's policies of cultural synthesis:
|
flat decorative beginnings through blend with the lively Rajasthani style and the move towards realism
|
|
Mughal paintings were also know as what and why?
|
miniatures, all work was illustration of manuscripts
|
|
Two artists who earned privileged positions close to the throne:
|
Dasavanth and Basavan
|
|
What was Basavan's specialty?
|
- specialty was portraiture
- responsible for composition |
|
When was Islam introduced to Sumatra and Java?
|
introduced in 14th-15th c.
- gaining large number of followers in Asia |
|
Muslim art
|
abstract ideas rather than openly expressed or graphic symbolism
|
|
Javanese legend of nine walis (saints) who were the 1st propagate the faith there
|
some described as Chinese descent
|
|
What helped Islam spread religion to Asia?
|
Growing prosperity of Islamic trading center
|
|
What kind of beliefs of Islam did SE Asia accommodate?
|
older beliefs and social practices (magic, ritual and spirituality)
|
|
Batik
|
- medium Hindu forms given a new Islamic interpretation
- Art of decorating cloth with a wax-resisted dye - In Java, for royal use |
|
Early mosques
|
- adapted from the local timber pavilions/ palaces were on square plan and had a hipped roof
- sites that were already sacred, recycling materials from existing structures |
|
Peksinagaliman
|
mythical beast fusing elements from various sources
- Batik Motif derived from Islamic and Hindu traditions |
|
Calligraphy: Malaysia and Java
|
- Malay manuscripts were rarely illustrated as Javanese
Javanese, less constrained by Islamic disapproval of depiction of human figure |
|
Cirebon
|
major part in articulation of religious ideas and talismanic properties of holy scriptures invoked in number of media
|