Islam Test 2

Front 1

dhimmis

Back 1

monotheistic non muslims

Front 2

jizya

Back 2

tax imposed on dhimmis

Front 3

ijtihad

Back 3

· to exercise one’s intellect – independent legalreasoning in search of an opinion. Gate of ijtihad was considered closed duringthe 3rd Islamic century thinking that all important legal issues hadbeen considered and resolved. Ijma was finalized by beginning of 900 AD, theybelieve. So no need for new. Has hindered intellectual/political development ofideas like individual human rights.

Front 4

Ulama

Back 4

the learned leaders (not clergy)

Front 5

Kharijites

Back 5

The people upset with Ali for not pursing those who killed Uthman.

Believed in free will.

Front 6

Qadarites

Back 6

adherents to doctrine of free will.

Front 7

mu'tazilites

Back 7

did not believe qur'an was uncreated. believed god was greater than qur'an. god had to exist before his word.

Front 8

bila kayfa

Back 8

"without asking how" - believe the discrepancies in qur'an without asking questions.

Front 9

mufti

Back 9

a muslim legal expert who can give rulings on religious matters.

Front 10

fatwa

Back 10

a formal legal opinion

Front 11

ashura

Back 11

shi'a - day of mourning for husayn.

sunni - day isralites freed from egypt

Front 12

dhikr

Back 12

: aform of devotion, associated chiefly with Sufism, in which the worshiper isabsorbed in the rhythmic repetition of the name of God or his attributes.

Front 13

tariqa

Back 13

sufi school

Front 14

baraka

Back 14

shaykhs spiritual power (sufism)

Front 15

fiqh

Back 15

how judge takes sharia law and implements in specific circumstances; interpretation of sharia

Front 16

shari'a

Back 16

basic islamic legal system

Front 17

ijma

Back 17

consensus of community (ulama)

Front 18

rightly guided caliphs

Back 18

1.) abu baker

2.) umar

3.) uthman

4.) ali

Front 19

branches of islamic exegesis

Back 19

1.) science of contexts of revelation

2.) science of meccan and medinan verses

3.) science of abrogation

4.) science of the reputation of transmitters

Front 20

science of contexts of revelation

Back 20

· Focus – the historical circumstances, oroccasions, for the verses revealed · Requires mastery of the Arabic spoken by theQuraysh

Front 21

science of meccan and medinan verses

Back 21

· Focus – stages of revelation · Requires study of chronology, geography,thematic unity, biographical history

Front 22

science of abrogation

Back 22

Focus– finding the reasons for divine abrogation

Front 23

The science of the reputation of transmitters

Back 23

· Focus – verification of the reliability of thosewho transmitted the Qur’an and Hadith· Requires study of biographies, reputations andgenealogies of transmitters

Front 24

4 primary sunni schools of law

Back 24

1.) hanafi school

2.) maliki school

3.) shafi'i school

4.)hanbali school

Front 25

Whatdo some scholars believe led to Islamic intellectual stagnation?

Back 25

1) Religious insight was seen as better than insight into other disciplines.

2) Knowledge for knowledge's sake was seen as meaningless.

3) Foreign sciences endanger faith and the prophet prayed for protection from useless knowledge.

4) Knowledge not from revelation leads to heresy.

Front 26

Discuss elements of Sufism that lead many Sunni Muslim to consider it innovation. (Please include as many Islamic terms as you can).

Back 26

• Sufis have their own Hadith,

• believe in an almost Hindu theistic monism,

• follow tariqua (the inner way,) as opposed to Sharia law, and

• pray to saints such as Rumi.

• All of these make Sufism appear to be bida/innovation, but the philosophies of Al Ganzali bridged the gap between the two, so that Sufism is often seen as acceptable.