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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Islam
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Literally means submission, the submission to the will of God. The inner peace that comes from surrendering to the will of God.
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Allah
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The Arabic name for God. It is not a different God. The term is used by Arab Jews, Christians and Muslims.
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Abraham
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Abraham is a prophet in Islam, Islam is an Abrahamic religion. Islam recognizes that Abraham had two sons, Isaac, who became the father of the Jewish people. Abraham's older son Ishmael became the father of the Arabs. In the western world we associate being Muslim with being Arab but this is untrue. Ishmael was sent
to live contemporary Saudi Arabia, thee Ka'ba was built by Abraham in Mecca Saudi Arabia. |
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Nabi
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Literally means prophet, a prophet brings the word of God. There are many prophet.
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Rasul
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Literally means Messenger. Moses, Jesus, King David, Mohammed are considered messengers . The messengers bring books. Muslims say that Moses and Jesus all brought the same revelation, the true word of God. However, over the years they were changed by man, Mohammad came and brought the final revelation, this is why is the seal of prophets. Mohammad would say the Abraham was a Muslim, Moses was a Muslim and Jesus was a Muslim because they all submitted to the will of God.
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Mohammad
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Seal of prophets, 570 c.e in mecca, his father died a few weeks before his birth, his mother died when he was around 6 years old, in a tribal society
this basically meant you had no defence. However, his uncle a very powerful man took pity on Mohammad and raises him. At the ago of 25 gets married to a women 15 years older than him. Khadjia was successful business women, she married him because he was a good man. At 40 years of age, in 610 c.e Mohammad receives his first revelation that God is the creator of all things etc. Over the next 22 years Mohammad keeps receiving revelation from God. The Quran "The word of God" functions like Jesus in christianity. Christians are not as attached to their holly books as much as Muslims are to theirs. In 622 c.e Mohammed and Abu Bakr immigrate from Mecca to Madina this marks the begging of the islamic calendar. 632 c.e he dies. |
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Jahilaya
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Means time of ignorance, refers to the time of the peninsula before Mohammed receives his prophecy. Referring to the ignorance of the truth, people
were worshipping many Gods. |
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Quraysh tribe:
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Mohammad was born to Hashim clan of the Qurayesh tribe, tribal society states that the closer you are to authority the better off you will be, Mohammad had very limited tribal protection because his parents died but he gained some of it back because his uncle Abu-Taleb took him under his wing and made him a trader in goods and merchandise.
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Mecca
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The city of the Ka'ba, where the Quraysh tribe has its power base. It was also the location of major market.
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Ka'ba
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The ka'ba is the black box Muslims circle around during the Haj. The Ka'ba was constructed by Abraham himself and his older son Ishmael. Muslims all over the world pray towards the Ka'ba.
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Khadija
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Mohammad's wife, she was 15 years older than he was. Khadija was a very successful business women and married Mohammad because he was a good man. This was not a loveless marriage they had a lot of respect and love for each other regardless of their age difference. Khadija was the first Muslim convert.
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Mount Hira
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Mohammad used to meditate in the mountains of Mecca once a year to recharge and take a break form work. In the year 610 c.e while contemplating on Mount Hira, Mohammad receives his first revelation from God. This is known a the night of power
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Yathrib/Madina:
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An Arab city that had a large Jewish community. The people of Madina requested Mohammad because of his good reputation. Yathrib is the formername of Madina. Madina literally means the city of the prophet.
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Hijra
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Literally mean migration/immigration. When Mohammad migrated form Mecca to Madina. This marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. (After.Hijra)
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Batle of Badr
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Muslims were unable to support a livelihood (afford food) in Medina, they start attacking caravans, when the Meccan's realize this they sent 1000 troops to Badr in order set up a trap, Mohammed realizes that it’s a set up, and despite the 3:1 odds, Abu Badr says “god is on your side”, so Mohammed went forth with the attack and won.
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Batle of Uhud
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Fought on Uhud mountain (Southwest of Madina), The Meccan's came with 3000 men and even though Mohammed had only 1000 men, since the war was fought on their back doorstep, they thought they would win. They were protected on the right by a mountain, and on the left by their archers. Mohammed instructed the archers to not break their lines no matter what, but when the archers saw that they were winning they disobeyed his orders and looted the dead bodies. This caused the Muslims to lose, many are killed but Mohammed makes it back to Medina (although injured). As a result of the many men that were killed and there families were left with out husbands/fathers, Mohammad then receives the revelation that men can have as many as four wives, as long as they treat them equally.
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Battle of the Trench
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Meccans gather 10,000 troops and go straight to Medina, Mohammed knows of their cavalry warfare and digs trenches to neutralize the fight.
Meccans have to get off their horses and fight in the trenches with the Muslims. |
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Mecca Conquest
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Mohammed travels to Mecca with 10,000 men since the Meccan's violated the peace treaty, the gates were thrown open for Mohammed and his men (was seen as a liberator), the Quraysh are expelled and Mohammed takes control of the city. Significant act of Mohammed in the conquest of Mecca is cleansing the Kaaba. He smashed the idols and images in the Ka'ba except for the picture of Jesus and his mother marry, this represents a Muslim respect Christ and his mother.
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Qur'an
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Literally means recitation. Mohammed receives the Qur’an from god, and he recites it. The first command God gives Mohammed is to recite this in the name of God (the creator). Took 23 years to collect the revelations heard by Mohammed from God.
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Surrah
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"chapter" 114 Surah's in the Qur'an.
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Aya
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"verse" literally means sign from God.
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Al-fatiha
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Is the first Surah in the Qur’an, Its short, it starts with “in the name of God, the all merciful, the all compassionate”. Qur’an begins by addressing you in
the name of God, telling you that God is merciful towards you therefore you should read the Qur’an. Important point: when Muslims recite daily prayer, it is the Al-Faitha that is recited. |
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People of the book
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Muslims believe that Jews and Christians are people of the book because they received legitimate revelations. However, over time these texts were altered by man, Mohammad brings the final revelation thats why he is the seal of prophets. They are people of the book because the believe in the same God but are slightly miss guided. Mohammad was favourable by Jews and Christians.
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Mount Arafat
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Outside Mecca, where Mohammed gives his last speech before dying, it is here where Allah will gather all the nations before him to be judged on
the last day. Muslims are strongly suggested to make a pilgrimage to Mecca where they must stand on the Plain of Arafat to remind them of the day of Judgement. |
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Caliph
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Successor to the prophet, after Mohammed prophecy comes to an end, someone had to lead the Muslims community. The Caliphs were not prophets but companions to Mohammad, they have been with him since the beginning.
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Ummah
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Muslim Community
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The Rightly Guilded Caliphs (Rashdun) **
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Literally means “the rightly guided ones” immediately follow Mohammed’s death. ***
1. Abu Bakr (632-634 CE) 2. Umar (634-644 CE) 3. Uthman (644-656 CE) 4. Ali (656-661 CE) |
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Abu Bakr (632-634 CE):
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First of the rashidun, known for Rida Wars (War of Apostasy). Since they are in a tribal society, when Mohammed dies everyone goes their own way. Abu Bakr goes and brings the tribesmen back into the folds of the Muslim community. (Abu Bakr doesn’t let them go their own way because Mohammed’s intentions for society’s organization was different and he recognized this). Abu Bakr dies of fever but it is suspected that he was poisoned.
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Umar (634-644 CE):
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Extending the Muslim conquest into (broadly) North Africa and the Syria, palestine, Armania etc. This occurs within a couple of decades of Mohammed’s death. Umar was assassinated by the Persian in 644 due to their resentment of being incorporated into the
Muslim world. |
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Uthman (644-656 CE):
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Known for compiling the Qur’an, political practice not smile upon due to nepotism. Known for consolidating authority in the Muslim community. Assassinated by Muslims because of his nepotistic practices.
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Ali (656-661 CE):
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Was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, he ruled from 656 to 661. Sunni's consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (The rightly Guided), The Shia's believe that Ali should have been the first Caliph and the others we illegitimate.
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Sunni's:
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Make up 85-90% of muslims, the term derives from action to a sunni means to live by example (moral example)
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Shia's
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They make up 9-10% of muslims, Shia means party, party of Ali, they believe Ali was Legitimate air of the prophets.
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The five pillars to Islam:
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1. Shahada
2. Salat 3. Zakat 4. Ramadan 5. Hajj (pilgrimage) |
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1. Shahada
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Testifying that theres no god but God, creator of all things and Mohammed is his messenger.
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Salat
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Obligatory prayer, must be preformed 5 times a day, you're still a muslims if you don't pray five times a day but it makes you a bad one.
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Zakat
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Muslims must give away 2.5 % of their net wort to charity. Christian rulers were impressed that poverty and hunger didn't exist in the muslim
community. |
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Ramadan
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Muslims fast in the holly month of Ramadan from food and drink. Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and have a big meal at the end. Muslims must avoid sin during fast. Like, smoking, drinking alcohol and sex. After Ramadan Muslims celebrate Eid.
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Hajj (pilgrimage)
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Hajj must be preformed at least once by Muslim in their life time. It is not obligatory for Muslims who can't afford. Muslims circle the Kabba that was built byAabraham.
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Jihad: Literally means "to strive or struggle" (in the way of God). usually associated with military conquest in the western world.
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Literally means "to strive or struggle" (in the way of God). usually associated with military conquest in the western world.
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Jihad Akbar
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“higher”, inner-spiritual struggle, battle everyone fights against their selfish, sinful desires, ie. Accumulating wealth at the expense of your fellow
men, Mohammed declared that this is vital for everyone to follow. |
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Jihad Asghar
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"lower”, bodily-military struggle, struggle in defence of the Ummah itself (defence of community of faith), not vital that everyone participate in.
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Suffisim
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Type of islam not widely practiced today. suff means “wool”, dressed humbly in contrast with the Caliphs (whose wealth was increasing greatly after
Mohammad's death) to illustrate that the simplicity of the faith was lost, they shunned society by walking around and not settling anywhere and they were seeking God through spiritual contemplation, this is a mystical interpretation of faith (denial of pleasures and mystical contemplation of God), Sufi’s practice Sufism. List of Sufi Teachers: (3 men, 1 woman – Persians, not Arabian) 1. Al-Ghazali (11th c.) 2. Al-Hallaj (9th c.) 3. Rabi’a (8th c.) 4. Rumi (13th c.) |
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Sheria
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The way to the water hole. Four main sources of Islamic law:
1. Quran 2. Hadith 3. Quiyas 4. Ijam |
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Quran (law)
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Textual basis of Islamic law.
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Hadith (law)
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If it isn’t covered in the Qur’an you first go to the Hadith, these are collections of what the prophets said/did (Hadith's are universally
accepted) because Mohammad was the best example of how one must lead their lives. |
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Quiyas (law)
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Enological reasoning ex. meth and alcohol. This is referred to if not mentioned in the Quran or Hadith.
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Ijam (law)
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This is the last recourse you have, this is the universal consensus of the (Muslim community).
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Five major schools of law
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1. Jafari
2. Hanafi 3. Maliki 4. Shafi'I 5.Hanbali |
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Jafari school of law
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Located in Iraq and Iran, This is the only Shia school.
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Hanafi school of law
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Located in India
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Maliki school of law
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Located in Africa.
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Shafi'l school of law
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Located in Indonesia.
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Hanbali school of law
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Located in Saudi Arabia, Most conservative.
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Five Categories of Activities:
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1. Halal:
2. Mushtabah 3. Mubah 4. Makruh 5. Haram |
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Halal
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Obligatory actions (if you’re Muslim you must follow them), the five pillars fall under this category.
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Mushtabah
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Not obligatory but recommended. Since you are going to model Mohammed’s life, it’s recommended to carry this out.
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Mubah
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Neutral, not for nor against the faith.
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Makruh
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Reprehensible, permitted but not encouraged.
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Haram
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Utterly prohibited action, like making images of God.
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