Islam In The World

Front 1

Quran

Back 1

The Holy Book of Islam: the highest and most authentic authority in Islam. The "recitation" revealed to Muhammad by God

Hint 1

holy book

Front 2

Ka'aba

Back 2

The Ka`aba is an ancient shrine containing the Holy Black Stone. During Muhammad's lifetime, it was worshiped by peoples of many different faiths throughout the Arabian Peninsula. At one time contained idols.

Front 3

Hajj

Back 3

The pilgrimage to Mecca, which Muslims with the physical ability and financial means should perform at least once in their lives. One of the five pillars.

Front 4

Black Stone

Back 4

Eastern cornerstone of the Ka'aba; Many Muslims believe it fell from Heaven during the time of Adam and Eve or was found by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

Damaged, but rebuilt in the 600s with Mohammad' help (story of having tribe members carry it on cloak and share the honor of restoration)

Hint 4

ka'aba

Front 5

Mosque

Back 5

Place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith.

Front 6

Mihrab

Back 6

A niche in a mosque facing Mecca.

Hint 6

of the mosque

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Minbar

Back 7

A pulpit in the mosque where the Imam stands to deliver sermons

Hint 7

of the mosque

Front 8

Minaret

Back 8

tower attached to a mosque, used for call to prayer

Hint 8

of the mosque

Front 9

Ulama

Back 9

the learned, knowledgeble people in Islam

Front 10

Dar al-Islam

Back 10

territory that is subject to Muslim rule

Front 11

Dar al-Harb

Back 11

territory not under Muslim rule.
"House of War"
in a perpetual state of jihad

Front 12

Isnad

Back 12

the chain of transmission of a hadith

Front 13

Hadith

Back 13

The sayings and actions of Muhammad as narrated by his companions after his death

Front 14

Sharia

Back 14

The body of Islamic law based on the Quran and the sunna

Front 15

Sunna

Back 15

Traditions of the Islamic faith as addressed by Mohammed (during his lifetime)

Front 16

ijtihad

Back 16

The effort of a qualified Islamic ulama to interpret or reinterpret (for modern times) sources of Islamic law in cases in which no clear directives exist.

Front 17

jahiliyya

Back 17

"Days of Ignorance" referring to the condition Arabs found themselves in prior to the revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad.

By extension it means the state of anyone not following Islam and the Qur'an.

Front 18

Rashidun

Back 18

"Rightly guided" caliphs

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali

Hint 18

early years

Front 19

Caliph

Back 19

The political and religious successor to Muhammad.

Front 20

Fiqh

Back 20

Islamic jurisprudence or Islamic law

important part of Shariah

the interpretation of the Shari'ah

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Umma

Back 21

Community of the faithful within Islam

Front 22

Riddah Wars

Back 22

Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632 under Abu Bakr

Resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans

Restored unity of Islam.

Hint 22

early years

Front 23

Ramadan

Back 23

The ninth month of the Islamic calender, during which fasting is required as part of the 5 Pillars

Month in which Quran was revealed to Mohammed

Front 24

Muezzein

Back 24

Person who announces the daily prayers from the minaret of a mosque.

Hint 24

of the mosque

Front 25

Name the righteous caliphs

Back 25

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali

Front 26

Who was the first caliph and what did he do?

Back 26

Abu Bakr

United Arab tribes in victorious Riddah Wars

Spread Islam to Syria and Iraq

Front 27

Name the five pillars of faith

Back 27

1. Confession (There is no god but God and Muhammed is his prophet)

2. Prayer five times a day

3. Charity (Zakat) 2.5% of earnings

4. Fasting during Ramadan

5. Hajj (Pilgrimmage to Mecca in lifetime)

Front 28

Who was the second caliph and what did he do?

Back 28

Umar: the Islamic empire grew at an unprecedented rate under his reign

(Persia, Byzantines, North Africa, Egypt, Palestine)

Took control of Jerusalem

Front 29

Who was the third caliph and what did he do?

Back 29

Uthman: under his reign, the Quran was compiled as it exists today

Front 30

Who was the last rightly-guided caliph and what was he known for?

Back 30

Ali ibn-Talib: Considered to be the first caliph by Shiites --> civil war during his reign

Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad

After his assassination, Islam was divided into Shiite and Sunni sects

Front 31

Ulema

Back 31

Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law

Front 32

Rightly Guided Caliphs

Back 32

A term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs

aka Rashidun

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali ibn Talib

Front 33

Sharia

Back 33

The body of Islamic law based on the Quran and the sunna (or practices undertaken or approved by the Prophet and established as legally binding precedents)

Front 34

Hadith

Back 34

A report of the sayings or actions of Muhammad or his companions, together with the tradition of its chain of transmission; the collective body of these traditions.

Front 35

Jihad

Back 35

A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels

Personal individual struggle against evil in the way of Allah

Front 36

Prophets

Back 36

sent by God to every nation

only Muhammad was sent to convey God's message to the whole world, whereas other prophets were sent to convey their messages to a specific group of people or nation.

Front 37

Rasul

Back 37

Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Mohammad

Hint 37

5 prophets

Front 38

People of the Book

Back 38

People with Scriptures

Jews and Christians

Front 39

Can Muslim men marry Jewish or Christian woman?

Back 39

Yes, but not Buddhists or non-People of the Book

Front 40

Can Muslim women marry Jewish or Christian men?

Back 40

No.

Front 41

How many wives may a Muslim man have?

Back 41

Four

Front 42

How many husbands may a Muslim woman have?

Back 42

One

Front 43

Sayyid Qutb

Back 43

leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and 60s

best known for his work on what he believed to be the social and political role of Islam

Believed Sharia laws and principles should be the sole basis of governance and everything else in life.

The Muslim world had ceased to be and reverted to pre-Islamic ignorance known as jahiliyyah, because of the lack of sharia law. Consequently all states of the Muslim world are not Islamic and thus illegitimate

Hint 43

1960s

Front 44

Mawlana Mawdudi

Back 44

occupied a pivotal position in the movement for Islamic rebirth in the 20th century

Published The Meaning of the Qur'an, and intended to give the Qur’an a practical contemporary interpretation.

also believed that Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state

Hint 44

Influential book

Front 45

Muhammad Abduh (Who, Country, Beliefs on Islam)

Back 45

Egyptian reformer of Islamic modernism and nationalism

Led late 19th-century movement in Egypt and other Muslim countries to revitalize Islamic teachings and institutions in the modern world

Mufti for Egypt: reforms in Islamic law, administration, broke the rigidity of Muslim ritual

His aim was a syntheses of Western civilization and fundamental Muslim ideas

Advocated that the Koran should be understood by reasoning, rather than literally

Hint 45

nationalism

Front 46

Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud

Back 46

first king of Saudi Arabia

leader of the Wahabis, a fundamentalist Muslim sect

Hint 46

first king

Front 47

Reza Shah

Back 47

Shah of Iran until forced abdication

introduced many modernist socio-economic reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances

authoritarian government that valued nationalism, militarism, secularism and anti-communism

Hint 47

reign and islam

Front 48

Mustafa Ataturk

Back 48

major programme of reforms in the political, economic and cultural aspects of life in Turkey

ended Ottoman dynasty and created the Republic of Turkey in 1923

Hint 48

turkey

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Harun al-Rashid

Back 49

fifth Abbasid caliph. He and his fabulous court at Baghdad are immortalized in The Thousand and One Nights

his time was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Art and music also flourished significantly during his reign.

wages war against the Byzantine Empire

Hint 49

alladin

Front 50

Suleyman the Magnificent

Back 50

longest‐serving Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

complete reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system

great patron of artists and philosophers, overseeing the golden age of the Ottoman Empire's cultural development

Under his leadership, the Ottoman Empire became among the worlds' foremost powers.

Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies to conquer Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary, laid the Siege of Vienna, and annexed most of the Middle East and huge territories in North Africa as far west as Algeria (sea power too)

Hint 50

ottoman empire

Front 51

Who was the first kind of Saudi Arabia?

Back 51

Ibn Saud

Front 52

What Iranian shah introduced modern reforms and favored nationalism?

Back 52

Reza Shah

Front 53

What Turkish reformist established the Turkey Republic?

Back 53

Mustafa Ataturk

Front 54

What Ottoman ruler expanded the huge terratories to Belgrad, Rhodes, Hugary, N. Africa, Middle East, and even Vienna?

Back 54

Suleyman the Magnificent

Front 55

Hassan al-banna

Back 55

Egyptian social and political reformer

best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood

assisnated after Brotherhood was suspected of political coup

Hint 55

founded what org

Front 56

Tariq Ramadan

Back 56

Swiss Muslim academic and theologian

advocates a reinterpretation of Islamic texts

new "European Islam"

Hint 56

Not from ME

Front 57

Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?

Back 57

Hassan al-Banna

Front 58

What Swiss Muslim academic advocates a reinterpretation of Islamic text?

Back 58

Tariq Ramadan

Front 59

Nasser

Back 59

second President of Egypt

advancement of Arab nationalism, industrialism

role in founding the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964,

pan-Arabism

Nationalized Suez Canal--->
led to six Day War in which Brit, Fre, Israeli conspired to attack Gaza Strip

Front 60

Egyptian leader during Suez Canal Crisis and Six Day War

Back 60

Nasser

Front 61

T.E. Lawrence

Back 61

British soldier renowned especially for his liaison role during the Arab Revolt

Seven Pillars of Wisdom

Front 62

Muawiyah

Back 62

companion of Muhammad and later the Umayyad caliph in Damascus

Because he opposed Ali, whom the Shia Muslims believe was Muhammad's true successor, he has been hated and reviled by generations of Shi'a.

Hint 62

early years

Front 63

Umayyad Dynasty

Back 63

Founded by Muawiyah after Ali's assination and end of righteous caliphates


capital was at Damascus

Front 64

Abbasid Dynasty

Back 64

overthrew the Umayyad caliphate

reigned until destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258

capital was moved to the new city of Baghdad

emphasizing membership in the community of believers rather than Arab nationality

Front 65

When and where was Mohammad born?

Back 65

570 (Mecca) - 632 (Medina)

Front 66

When did Mo. take the Hijra?

Back 66

622

Beginning of the Islamic calendar

Front 67

What was Pope Urban's role in the Crusades?

Back 67

Pope Urban II called upon all Christians to join a war against the Turks, promising those who died in the endeavor would receive immediate remission of their sins

Front 68

What did Saladin do when he retook Jerusalem (and during which crusade)?

Back 68

1187

Saladin allowed for an orderly march away from Jerusalem and prevented the sort of massacre that had occurred when the crusaders captured the city in 1099

Front 69

What were the four crusader states?

Back 69

County of Edessa
Pricipality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Kingdom of Jerusalem

Front 70

When did the last crusader state fall and what one was it?

Back 70

Kingdom of Jerusalem--1291

Front 71

What was the significance of the Battle of Hattin?

Back 71

1187

Muslims under Saladin captured or killed majority of Crusader fources

Islamic forces once again became dominant force in Holy Land and took Jersalem

Front 72

Theodor Herzl

Back 72

Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist who founded modern political Zionism

Front 73

What was the Sykes-Picot agreement?

Back 73

The Sykes-Picot-Sazanov Agreement[1] of 1916 was an understanding between the governments of Britain and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their respective spheres of influence and control in west Asia after the expected downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I

Front 74

The Balfour Agreement

Back 74

stated that the British government supported Zionist plans for a National home for the Jewish people within Palestine‎

Front 75

The British Mandate of Palestine

Back 75

comprised territory that now comprises most of modern-day Jordan, Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

League of Nations administer defunct Ottoman empire until they were able to do it alone

Front 76

1948 Arab-Israeli War

Back 76

first in a series

establishment of the State of Israel

exodus of hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs from the territories that would become part of the new state

fought entirely on the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine

Front 77

Six-Day War

Back 77

1967

fought between Israel and Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria

Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to all ships flying Israeli flags or carrying strategic materials, and called for unified Arab action against Israel

Israel attacks, claiming fear of Egypt Invasion

Israel had gained control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, eastern Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights

Front 78

What territories did Israel get after 6 day war?

Back 78

Sinai Peninsula,
the Gaza Strip,
the West Bank,
eastern Jerusalem,
and the Golan Heights

Front 79

Camp David Accords

Back 79

signed by Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem

1978

led directly to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty

Front 80

Treaty of Washington

Back 80

1979

mutual recognition of each country by the other

cessation of the state of war that had existed since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War

withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula

free passage of Israeli ships through the Suez Canal

recognition of the Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba as international waterways.

The agreement notably made Egypt the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel

Front 81

Oslo Accords

Back 81

1993

first direct, face-to-face agreement between Israel and the Palestinians

first time that the Palestinians publicly acknowledged Israel's right to exist

framework for the future relations between Israel and the anticipated State of Palestine

Front 82

Yom Kippur War
October War
1973

Back 82

began with a surprise joint attack by Egypt and Syria on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur

gypt and Syria crossed the cease-fire lines in the Sinai and Golan Heights, respectively, which had been captured by Israel in 1967 during the Six-Day War

For the Arab states (and Egypt in particular), the psychological trauma of their defeat in the Six-Day War had been healed

the war helped convince many in the Arab World that Israel could not be defeated militarily, thereby strengthening peace movements

Front 83

First Intifada

Back 83

mass uprising against Israeli military occupation that began in Jabalia refugee camp and spread to Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem

Palestinians were able to globally cement their identity as a separate nation worthy of self-determination

Front 84

Second Intifada

Back 84

second Palestinian uprising which began in September 2000

Front 85

Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David
2000

Back 85

ultimately unsuccessful attempt to negotiate a "final status settlement" to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Both sides blamed the other for the failure of the talks: the Palestinians claiming they were not offered enough, and the Israelis claiming that they could not reasonably offer more.

most blame Arafat