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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fatra
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times when M. had no divine contact
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Islam
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submission (to God); the way to peace
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mu'min
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faithful believer
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iman
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faith
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Muslim
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"one who has submitted" (to God)
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hilf al-fadal
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"commitment to do good things"; M's social welfare organization
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Ka'ba
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holiest place in Islam. Located in Mecca. Muslims pray in the direction of it. Has a famous blackstone. Rebuilt by Abraham.
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Qur'an
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"to recite or read"
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Bani Hashem
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Name of M's family
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Ali-isra wa al-miraj
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M's night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem to heaven.
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hijra
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migration; M's hijra began the Muslim calendar in 622ce.
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hadith qudsi
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"divine saying"; a special kind of hadith that includes the sayings of God related through M.
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People of the Book
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xtians, jews, zoroastrian, muslim
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ibada
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worship
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salat
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prayer service; in Islam it is 5 times a day
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nabi
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Prophet, one to whom God has spoken
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rasul
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messenger charged with communicating what god has told him.
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umma
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human communities unified by faith
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khalifa and khilafa
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better known as "caliph"; deputy of M.
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qibla
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direction of prayer.
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shi'is and shi'a
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strong supporters of Ali. Believe he was the rightful successor to M.
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dhimmi
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protected status (granted to people of the book)
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mawali
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non-Arab Muslim converts
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amir al-mu'minin
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"commander of the faithful"; Umar was the first accorded the title
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shu ra
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a committee to represent Muslims in selecting a caliph. Appointed by Umar
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fitna
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trials, temptations; civil wars; began with the death of Uthaman.
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ahl al-bayt
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"People of the house"; M's family
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Sunnis
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The people of the prophet's sunna and community
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din wa dawla
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"religion and political order"; "state"
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ilm al-Kalam
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systematic theology
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Ahmadiya Islam
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2 sects w/in Islam interpret "the seal of prophets" differently. This sect believes M. isn't the last prophet, but the greatest. Believe other prophets have followed him.
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shahada
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"testimony"; closest thing to a creed in Islam; "There is no God by God. M is the messenger of God.."
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tawhid
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monotheism
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ibada and ibadat
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"acts of worship"
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wudu
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ablutions
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ghusl
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full and careful bath
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niyya
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proper intention. Without it prayer is worthless.
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mithrab
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a niche marked in the Mosque that points the way to Mecca
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adhan
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call to prayer
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Mu'adhdin ("muezzin")
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the person that calls people to prayes for the salat
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masjid
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"place of prostration"
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imam
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a leader for others to follow during prayer. 'Imam' for Shi'is is their leader, a divine authority.
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takbir
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"God is most great"; recited at beginning of salat
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khutba
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sermon preached in two parts (p. 115)
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zakat
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the means of almsgiving
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sawm
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month-long daytime fast (during Ramadan)
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jihad
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striving in the name of God. Greater jihad = personal struggle; lesser jihad = armed struggle against people who oppose Islam
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shirk/muhsrik
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polytheism; the one unforgivable sin.
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al-qada / al-qa dariya wa
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divine decree? possibly means free will
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al-gadr / al-jabariya
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predestination
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orthopraxy
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right practice; view religion as a way of life
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hajj
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pilgrimage (to Mecca)
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tahara
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cleanliness, purification
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hadath
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activities (that lead to impurity); can be minor (urinating, sleeping) or major (sex, menstruation)
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miqat
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checkpoints (that non-Muslims cannot pass)
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Ihram
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special dress worn by men during pilgrimage
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bab al-salem
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"gate of peace"; enter the sacred mosque through here
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manasik al-Hajj
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rites of pilgrimage
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tawaf
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circumambulation of the Ka'ba
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talibya
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what the pilgrims recite: "I am here, o my lord.."
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Ghadir Khumm
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prophetic succession; The place Shi'is believe M. declared Ali his successor.
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suras
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chapters. There are 114 in the Qur'an.
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juz
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part(s)
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hizb
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part subsection
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rub'
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quarter of the part
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'ilm al-tajwid
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knowledge of the signs of Qur'anic language; the science of euphonious recitation
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qira'a
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technical term for 'ilm al-tajwid (p. 137)
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tilawa
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technical term for 'ilm al-tajwid (p. 137)
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tafsir
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"commentary, interpretation"; Entire field of Qur'anic interpretation
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ta'wil
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Qur'anic interpretation that explores symbolic means and allegorical interpretation
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l'jaz al-Quran
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"The miraculous nature of the Qur'an"; The inimitability of the Qur'an. No one but God could have produced the Qur'an.
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hifz al-quran
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"The guardian of the Qur'an"; professional memorizer
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al-Mushaf
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The Book; another term used for the Qur'an
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Furqan
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attributes of the Qur'an; another term used for the Qur'an
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Huda
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guidance; another term used for the Qur'an
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al-Kitab
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The Book; another term used for the Qur'an
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bayyenat
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something that explains; another term used for the Qur'an
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al-Tanzil
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The book that has been revealed; another term used for the Qur'an
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Qur'an al-kareem
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The Noble Qur'an
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inshallah
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if God wills
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mashallah
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what god has willed
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alhadulillah
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praise be to God
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sunna and sunan
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tradition, culture; M's "custom", words, deeds, and habits. Denoted a pattern of behavior that people follow
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hadith
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sayings; how sunna is remembered and transmitted
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isnad
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part of the hadith. Opening citation of the person transmitting it. The chain of ascriptions by which a report is authenticated.
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matn
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part of the hadith. "Main part" (of the story)
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sahih
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"sound" category of the hadith. Unblemished isnad and not contradictory of most other hadiths. No "hidden defect"
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hasan
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"acceptable" category of the hadith
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maw lid al-nabi
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the occasion of M's birthday
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baraka
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blessing
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Mishqat al-Masabih
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"niche for lights"; a famous collection of hadiths; compiles Bukhari, Muslim and others.
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Nahjul Balagha
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"The way of eloquence"; a hadith that contains Ali's sayings
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salafi and salafiyah
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words and deeds of M's circle. Also carries weight with Muslims.
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'ilm
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"knowledge, science"; often connected with religious sciences
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'alim
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one who posses expert knowledge of Islam's sources, principles, and practices
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'ulama
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plural of 'alim. Come to mean the class of specialization in Islamic law
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'ilm al-kalam
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"the science of discourse" on divine themes
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'ilm al-tawhid or 'ilm al-lahut / al-lahutiya
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"the science of divine unity"
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mutakallim
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theologian
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'aqida
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creed
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kalam
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"words, discussions, discourse"; the technical term that is the closest parallel in Islam to theology
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Fiqh Akbar
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The Great Understanding (first and third Muslim creed)
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qari
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reciter of Qur'an. Provides recitation for his community
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basmala
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"In the name of god, the merciful, the compassionate"; appears and is recited at the beginning of every sura but the 9th.
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hagiography
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study of the holy and saintly; idolizes them and attributes them with supernatural aspects
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al-sahihan
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Bukhari and Muslim
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theology
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core concern for understand and communicating a particular set of belief/ any inquiry concerning religion
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dar al-Harb
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Land belonging to non-Muslims. Concept came about in 750.
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dar al-Islam
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Islamdom. Concept came about in 750.
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zinna
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fornication and adultery
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dhulm
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oppression/injustice
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shar'ia
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"the ordaining of the way"; law
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fiqh
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understanding
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ra'y
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opinion
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qiyas
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analogy
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qadi
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judge
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ijtihad
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intellectual execise
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mujtahid
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one who exercises ijtihad
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ijma
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consensus
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faqih
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person of specialization in shari'a (subclass of ulema)
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mufti
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authority to give verdict. may or may not be appointed. Subclass of ulema.
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fatwa
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formal legal opinion
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madhhab
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school (of Islamic thought); literally meaning "the way"
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taqlid
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imitation. Too much reliance on past ijtihads led to this.
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ulema
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legal scholars. includes faqih and mufti
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ahkham al-khamsa
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The 5 principles. Both legal and ethical.
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fard
wajh |
imperative
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sunna
masun mandub mustahabb |
M. and company did it so we should too
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Ja'iz
mubah |
indifferent actions
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makruh
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abominable
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haram
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prohibited
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fard 'ayn
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actions obligatory for individual Muslims
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fard kifaya
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actions obligatory for only some Muslims
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halal
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permitted
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mu'amalat
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social matters
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bay'a
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oath of allegiance
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din
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religion
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dawla
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government
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siyasa shar'iya
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shari'a politics
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nur muhammadi
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The Muhhamaden light. Shi'tes consider present in their Imams
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wilaya
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the period in which Imams dominate. Started with Ali.
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bila kayfa
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"without asking how"
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tashbib
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having anthropomorphic conceptions of God
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ta'til
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having NO anthropomorphic conceptions of God
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kasb and iktusab
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to seek and acquire
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