Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Islam |
A monotheistic religion that teaches Muhammad as the last prophet of Allah |
|
|
Muslim |
A believer in Islam |
|
|
Monotheistic |
Belief in one God, and one God only |
|
|
Polytheistic |
The belief in many gods (Greek,Roman,etc) |
|
|
Bedouin |
A nomadic or wandering tribesperson of the Arabian,Syrian or North African deserts |
|
|
Sawm |
Fasting- takes place during the month of Ramadan. They abstain from food, drink and other worldly comforts from sunrise to sunset. Spend more time studying Qur'an. Must be performed by anyone who's reached puberty. |
|
|
Hijra |
The migration from Mecca to Medina(by Muhammad and his followers) |
|
|
Hajj |
The pilgrimage to Mecca muslims are asked to make once in their lifetime(to see the Kaaba-circle it seven times).
-Eid ul-Adha(festival of sacrifice) happens at same time |
|
|
Shi'ite |
Muslims who believe that leadership of the Muslim community should be passed down through direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad(Majority in Iraq and Iran) |
|
|
Sunni |
Muslims who believe community leaders do not need to descend from the Prophet Muhammad(Make up majority of Muslim population)
|
|
|
Mosque |
A place where Muslims gather for group worship. -ritual washing in courtyard -prayer hall has no benches or chairs -mihrab is an alcove that shows direction of Mecca |
|
|
Caliph |
Elected members of Muhammad's family(chief religious leader)
-The first four leaders after Muhammad's death "Rightly Guided Caliphs" -Cause of split between Sunni and Shi'ite |
|
|
Shahadah |
Creed-The Muslim profession of faith. "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah" |
|
|
Ihram |
Simple white clothing meant to be worn by Muslims when they make their pilgrimage to Mecca- shows that all are equal |
|
|
Salat |
Prayer-Daily ritual prayer performed by Muslims five times a day. It must be said facing Mecca in a clean space. |
|
|
Zakat |
Almsgiving-Obligatory annual giving to those in need. Share the wealth in Muslim society(give what you can, not set percentage) |
|
|
Imam |
A Muslim leader of prayer and giver of sermons in the mosque.(not mediator to God) -Selected by each individual community |
|
|
Adhan |
The prayer caller who calls Muslims to prayer five times a day at the top of the minaret. Also whispered in newborns ears. |
|
|
Umma |
A Muslim community |
|
|
Nikah |
A solemn and sacred social contract between a bride and groom. Ceremony where Qur'an is read and exchange of vows. |
|
|
Sura |
The chapters of the Qur'an(11) Besides the first sura they are organized from longest to shortest. Each begin with the same sentence"in the name of Allah, the Most merciful, the Most kind" |
|
|
Shariah |
The set of moral rules that Muslims follow set out by Allah. Intended for individuals and society. Sets a path for Muslims to live a devout life and legal rules. Origins: Qur'an, Sunna, The Hadith |
|
|
Sunna |
-Collection of words, practices, and actions of Muhammad told by close family and friends |
|
|
Hadith |
A collection of Muhammad's sayings, actions and statements about the religious practices of others-approval and disapproval.(accounts of people who were not close to Muhammad so writings are not accepted by all Muslims) |
|
|
Hafiz |
Title given to students who memorize the entire Qur'an. (Memorizer) |
|
|
Madrasa |
A Muslim school- studies include Qur'an, shariah law, Hadithic logic, and Muslim History. |
|
|
Muhammad's Early life |
Born in Mecca 570CE, Parents died when he was very young, Harsh life, Grew up under protection clan(fierce allegiance), grew up as trader (traveled throughout Arabia)under his uncle(Abu Talib), Well known and well liked, reputation of honesty, hired as caravan manager by future wife |
|
|
Origins of Islam |
Muhammad was troubled by inequalities in Mecca(rich vs. poor), never accepted polytheistic gods at Kaaba, retreated to mountain cave for meditation, 610CE received revelations from Angel Gabriel(direct words of Allah), he was last messenger of Allah and people turned against him, Medina offered him protection(Hijra), Struggle with Mecca(eventually took with force), 632CE Muhammad's last pilgrimage to Mecca(Hajj) |
|
|
History of Kaaba |
The centre of the Earth and creation, house of Allah, rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael, taken over by polytheists(360 deities were established), Muhammad later restored and cleansed it of gods |
|
|
History of Kaaba |
The centre of the Earth and creation, house of Allah, rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael, taken over by polytheists(360 deities were established), Muhammad later restored and cleansed it of gods |
|
|
Progression of Islam |
Muhammad died and Abu Bakr(close friend) became caliph, Islam spread rapidly through Arabia, Persian Sassanid Empire and Christian Byzantine Empire were in decline and couldn't resist, occupied Jerusalem by 637 CE, expansion fuelled by conviction of spreading the message of Islam |
|
|
Kaaba |
Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia -Muslims face Mecca when praying, focal point of fifth pillar of Islam(hajj) |
|
|
Kaaba |
Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia -Muslims face Mecca when praying, focal point of fifth pillar of Islam(hajj) |
|
|
Mosque of the Prophet |
Located in Medina, Saudi Arabia - Muhammad lived last few years of his life on site, burned there, Mosque was built afterwards |
|
|
Dome of the rock and Al-aqsa Mosque |
Jerusalem - from this site Muhammad travelled to heaven during mystical experience |
