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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mecca
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Important trading center and pilgrimage site; Site of the Ka'ba (original house of worship built by Abraham); modern day Saudi Arabia; crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe.
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Bedouins
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Nomadic desert tribesmen that began settlements on the Arabian Peninsula.
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Muhammad
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Prophet and messenger of Allah in the Islamic faith.
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Hijrah
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Muhammad and followers move to Yathrib; Muhammad gains a stronger following and city is renamed Medina.
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Qur'an
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Holy book of Islam; Revelations of Muhammad; Written in Arabic; spreads the language.
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Five Pillars
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Religious duties that practicing Muslims must perform.Faith - There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah
Prayer - Five times a day facing Mecca Alms - Giving money to the poor Hajj - Pilgrimage (religious journey) to Mecca Fasting - No food or drink from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. |
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Caliph
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Successor of Muhammad.
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Caliphate
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"rightly guided Caliphs" or first four successors of Muhammad; Abu-bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali; Spread Islam with military conquest and tolerance.
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People of the Book
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Jews and Christians were protected and allowed to follow their faith under Muslim rule.
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Umayyads
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Muslim Dynasty that moves capital to Damascus; Hereditary succession; Large palaces and wealth
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Abbasids
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Overthrow Umayyads; moves capital to Baghdad
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House of Wisdom
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Scholarly center in Baghdad; Scholars translated Greek and Latin texts into Arabic.
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Shi'a
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"Party of Ali;" Group that resisted Umayyad rule; Believed that the successor of Muhammad should be a descendant.
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Sunni
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Group that believed successor could be a follower of Muhammad's example.
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Sufi
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Mystic group of Islam; Live simple life that strictly follows Qur'an; Disliked the Umayyad wealth and ceremony.
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Shari'a
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System of law; alternate spelling is Shariah
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Sunna
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Muhammad's proper example of living; source of authority under Islam
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Social Classes
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upper consisted of Muslims by birth; then converted Muslims; then "protected people;" Lowest class consists of slaves.
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Al-Khwarizmi
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Developed al-jabr (Algebra!)
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Calligraphy
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Fine artistic handwriting; against Muslim law to draw pictures of living beings.
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