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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ka'ba
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the black cube that is in the center of Mecca; physical center for pilgrimage; spiritual center for prayer
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Hijra
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the "immigration"; refers to the time Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina; year 1 for the Muslim calendar (year 622 AD on the Christian time marking scheme)
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rasul
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means "messenger", or one who delivers a message from God; the third role of Muhammad as prophet: he speaks for God
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iman
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articles of faith; the basic doctrines or fundamental beliefs of Islam.
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shirk
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means "association", and refers to associating or identifying anything with Allah; it is considered an unforgivable sin in Islam; sometimes translated "idolatry"
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ihsan
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right conduct; the basic codes of morality for Islam; the behaviors that are "righteous"
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'ibadat
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literally "service", refers to religious duties; the prescribed worship practices of Islam (also known as the "five pillars")
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hajj
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the pilgrimage to Mecca
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jihad
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literally means "struggle"; refers to spiritual warfare, both in the heart and on the earth
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shari'ah
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often translated "law"; refers to a more general code of behavior or rule for all life
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Qur'an
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the "recitation"; the words of God; the revelation of Islam
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Hadith
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refers to the sayings of the prophet when he was not reciting the words of God; these are considered authoritative.
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Sunna
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refers to the actions of the prophet; these are also considered authoritative and a model for correct behavior
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Sunni
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the majority sect of Islam; the most conservative; adheres strictly to the Qur'an as its source of authority. multiple leaders come from democratic community. intolerant to other beliefs , use force in expansion of Islam
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ulama
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the "learned ones"; an assembly of men who are learned in Qur'an, Hadith, and Sunna, and capable of making legal decisions
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Shi'ites
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the principal sect of Islam; followers of the Imam, the leader who has come through the blood-line of the Ali clan. more tolerant and accepting. 10-15% of overall Muslim population.
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imam
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leader in prayer for Sunni; the spiritual and political leader for Shi'ites
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Sufis
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"wool wearers", the mystical sect of Islam
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3 legs of Islamic faith
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iman- right belief
ihsan- right behavior ibadat- right service |
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Right Belief:
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(1) Unity of God, no other gods: la ilaha illa Allah
(2) Guidance of angels (3) Divine Direction of Prophets and Apostles (4) Revelation of Scriptures (5) Future Resurrection and JKudgment (6) Decree of God |
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Future Resurrection and Judgment
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body resurrected and joins soul
judged on faith and faithfulness to God and Qur'an, loyalty to the prophet, commitment to community of Islam |
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angels
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carry God's message to humans
angels- good jinn- good/bad Shayatin- evil |
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prophets and apostles
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nabi and rasul
both carry God's message but prophets do not write it down or share/convey it with people Abraham, Ishmael, Issac, Joseph, Lot = prophets Moses, David, Jesus, Muhammad = apostles (and prophets) |
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Shahadah
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"witness"
la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasul Allah a declaration and a belief |
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Salat
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"prayer" 5x per day: dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, after dark
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Zakat
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giving
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Sawm
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"fasting", Ramaddan, one lunar month
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Five Pillars of Islam
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(1) Shahadah- witness
(2) Salat- prayer (3) Zakat- giving (4) Sawm- fasting (5) Hajj- pilgrimage |
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The Near Eastern Worldview
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(1) Radical Monotheism
-cosmic/universal God -theocratic hierarchy (2) Ethical Monotheism -justice -judgment (3) Personal Monotheism -personal God -revelation -prophets -eschatology |
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Early Islamic Influences
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-Early persians/Aryans, divine reciprocity
-Judaism, covenant, laws, prophets, hygiene & diet, tithes, moral codes, abhorrence of images -Later Persians/Zoroastrianism, personal, ethical, and radical monotheism -Christianity, continued monotheisms -Arab ethos, creater God called Allah |
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Arabian peninsula
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surrounded on 3 sides by water, thought to be cursed, people involved in trade
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Muhammad- life and ministry
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born in 6th century, quite poor, grew up in Mecca- a city of excesses, many gods were woshipped, he was drawn towards monotheism, didn't get a good education but was trustworthy.
Revelation from God through Gabriel. Meccan ministry: religious reform, social justice, divine judgment. His ministry was not well received because it contradicted their beliefs and the status quo. Moved to Medina which wanted a leader in 622 A.D. (became 1 in Islamic calendar) Medinan ministry- religious, civic, military leader, prayer 5x each day towards Mecca; give alms to poor |
