Islam

Front 1

riwaq

Back 1

A riwaq (or rivaq) is an arcade or portico open on at least one side

Front 2

Temenos

Back 2

piece of land marked off from common uses and dedicated to a god, a sanctuary, holy grove or holy precinct:

Front 3

Apodyterium

Back 3

Where you leave your clothes

o Different frescoes of animals, birds, music players, flowers
o Specific program not identified, mainly animal and musical life of area

Front 4

Bayt al Mal (great mosque damascus)

Back 4

served for widows, orphans, muezzin, and teachers

Front 5

Tepidarium

Back 5

Tepid (slightly warm)

Nude women
o Women on right, nude, seems to be carrying a kind of cradle that could possibly carry children
o Women in center carrying child into some architectural structure

Front 6

Caldarium

Back 6

• Caldarium: Hot (Steam) Room
o These replicate the Roman baths

o Dome of steam room, depiction of the heavens
o First known depiction of the constellations of heavens
o Replicates what one sees in northern hemisphere
 However, presents them as if you were looking down on them rather than looking up
 Suggests that person who was using such rooms must have been supremely powerful, such as ruler. Had to be ruler

Front 7

o Painting of the six kings

Back 7

o Kaisar: Minor Byzantine ruler, killed 600s
o Roderick: Spanish King, killed 711
o Negus: Ruler of Abyssinia
o Kusruh: Ruler of Persia, killed in Central Asia

Front 8

Cresswell

Back 8

British engineer in 1940s and 1950s, very interested in architecture
• Thought that these structures were result of Umayyad half-Bedouin lifestyle. Would spend half their time in countryside, not all in cities. Nomadic

Front 9

mamluk

Back 9

military slaves...bigger body, stronger, new type of bow, stirrups, turkic speaking, would ride around city

Front 10

Bab al-Amma

Back 10

al-Jawsaq al-Khaqani entrance gate for general population

Front 11

Qasr Amra

Back 11

desert castles located in present-day eastern Jordan. It was built early in the 8th century (probably between 711 and 715) by the Umayyad caliph Walid I

Front 12

ablution

Back 12

is the act of washing oneself, in particular:
for hygiene
for ritual purification:

Front 13

Dado rail

Back 13

type of moulding fixed horizontally to the wall around the perimeter of a room.

Front 14

exedrae

Back 14

khirbat al-mafjar, semi circular apses flanked by a pair of engaged columns inserted in four external walls, crowned with semi domes