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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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South American Wine Making Countries
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Chile
Argentina Brazil Peru Colombia Uruguay Venezula |
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Ungrafted Vines
(Pros) |
Better sap flow
Live longer More resistant to pests, diease, bad weather, drought higher levels of heart friendly compounds Pure varietal charcter |
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Chile
(Location) |
Long narrow country, no more than 120 km across at the winesy point
5,000 km of coastline Andes mountains to the east Extensive desert to the north Antartic region to the south |
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Chile
(Climate) |
Steady long ripening season
Day after day of sunshine Light intensity is special Nightly descent of cold air from the Andes Summer is virtually rainless Climate varies greatly from north to south |
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Chile
(Viticulture) |
Phylloxera free!
Nematodes Irrigation is essential in most vineyard areas Drip irrigation introduced in the 1990's Some bore holes used to access water The past approach was to train vines for maximum yield Aim is now for quality over quantity |
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Chile
(Main Grapes) |
Pais (no longer planted)
Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Merlot Sauvignon Blanc ("real and imagined...) Semillon Viogner Tolontel (Torrontes) Pinot Noir Malbec Syrah |
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Chile
(Wine Law %) |
If region stated: 75%
If grapes stated: 75% If vintage stated: 75% *But honestly, if they are exporting to the EU then everything is 85, 85, 85... |
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Chile
(Offical Viticultural Regions) |
1.Atacama
2.Coquimbo 3.Coastal 4.Central Valley 5.Souther Region |
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Aconcagua Valley
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Chile, Coastal Region
Most northern region in the country Smallest region, as well... 2,000 ha Hottest and driest, also... longer growing season Dry, hot interior cooled by evening mountain air Western section is cooled by Pacific breeze Mostly alluvial soils Cabernet Sauvignon and other red varietals Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc for whites |
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Casablanca Valley
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Chile, Coastal Region, Aconcagua Valley sub-region
Newest and coolest area Frequent cloud cover Morning fog created by the icy Humbolt current Too far from the Andes for any additional cooling effect No access to run-off for irrigation, bore holes have to be sunk ($$$) Lack of water is a limiting factor for the region''s potential growth Spring frost can be hazardous Rapidly developing reputation for whites from Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay and reds from Piont Noir |
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"Grand Vidure"
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Chile
"Carmenere" |
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"Sauvignonasse"
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Chile
Was thought to be Sauvignon Blanc and marketed as such |
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"Rauli"
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Chlie
Green beech vats used for fermentation vessels No longer used (thank god) |
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Central Valley
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Chile
Produces 90% of Chile's wine Important sub-regions: Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico Valley, Maule Valley Most of the regions vineyards lie in a depression between the Andes to the east and the Coastal Region to the west Dramatic tectonic activity as 2 plates collide- EARTHQUAKES Glaciers deposited most of the soils in the Central Valley Stones and pebbles in the eastern part of the valley Heavy clay and silt in the heart of the valley Finer, looser, sandy soils closer to the Coastal Region |
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Maipo Valley
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Chile, Central Valley sub-region
Most famous area in the Central Valley South of Santiago Hottest climate in the region Irrigation is required- 300mm annual rainfall! Reds: Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Whites: Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc |
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Rapel Valley
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Chile, Central Valley sub-region
Split into 2 smaller regions: 1. Cachapoal Valley: Known for Cabernet Sauvignon 2. Colchagua Valley: Known for Merlot Some good Sauvignon Blancs, too |
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Maule Valley
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Chile, Central Valley
Largest of Central Valley's sub-regions 20,000ha undervine Produces 1/5 of Chile's wine Pais is the most planted grape Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvigon Blanc are important quality grapes Broken down into 4 sub-regions: San Rafael Valley, Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley |
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Curico Valley
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Chile, Central Valley sub-region
Only 1/5 of the countries vines, but makes 1/4 Chile's wine Vrey high but still quality yields Mediterranean climate Good avalibility of water for irrigation Soft fertile soils Failry flat, eash mech harvesting |
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Southern Region
(Chile) |
Chile
Includes the sub-regions of Itata Valley, Bio Bio Valley and Malleco Valley Higher average rainfall and lower average tempratures than Miapo, Rapel Drip irrigation common Lyre vine training Pais and Muscat are the most planted grapes Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Gewurztraminer Great potential in this area- infertile soils, hot summers, diurnal variation |
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Argentina
(Climate) |
Regions are widely dispersed, but most border on foothills
Semi-desert conditions due to rain shadow effect from the Andes Lost of diurnal fluctuation- from 10 degrees C at night to 40 degrees C in the day is not uncommon Long dry summers and falls Water for irrigation is plentiful |
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Argentina
(Soils) |
Wide range!
Volcanic Alluvial Sandy Gravel Limestone Clay |
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"Light Intensity"
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Has a profound effect on vines
Ratio of radiometric and photometric light Increases dramaticlly at altitude |
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Argentina
(Elevation) |
As altitude increases, the average temprature decreases
(about 1 degree C less for every 100 meter increase in elevation) Most vineyards in Argentina are between 500 and 3,000 meters Gives the winemaker the ability to find ideal tempratures and micro climates for each grape Important for Malbec |
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Argentina
(Viticulture) |
95% of all vines are ungrafted (sandy soils)
There is some phylloxera, and it is spreading... Warm and dry summers with ample water for irrigation have led to very high yields in the past Traditionally, flood irrigation was used, but now moving more and more to drip irrigation Pergola training is widely used and keeps the grapes cool Hail is a threat |
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Argentina
(White Grapes) |
Chenin Blanc
Torrontes Chardonnay Chenin Blanc Ugni Blanc Muscat Riesling Pinot Gris Semillon Sauvignon Blanc Viogner |
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Argentina
(Red Grapes) |
Malbec
Bonarda Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Tempranillo Cabernet Franc Syrah Piont Noir Sangiovese Barbera |
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Argentina
(Regions) |
Catamarca/Salta
La Rioja San Juan Mendoza Rio Negro Patagonia |
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La Rioja
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Argentina
Very hot region! Extreme desert, very little water for irrigation 7,500 ha under vine Produces wines with high alcohol and low acid Best spot is the Famatina Valley Mostly white grapes: Torrontes, Chardonnay |
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San Juan
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Argentina
North of Mendoza, South of La Rioja Hot, high yield, high alcohol wines Lots of grape concentrate for expot, as well as fortified style wines Cooler areas are being explored Reds can be ripe, juicy and rich |
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Mendoza
(Basics) |
Argentina
By far the most important region Accounts for over 70% of the country's total production Over 300,000 different producers Mostly red wines- Malbec is the most important followed by Cabernet Sauvignon and Bonarda Earthquakes can be a problem... |
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Mendoza
(Sub-Regions) |
There are three...
1.North Mendoza 2.Central Mendoza 3.East Mendoza |
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North Mendoza
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Argentina, Mendoza sub-region
Closest to the city Soft wines Lower Altitude Sandy soils |
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Central Mendoza
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Argentina, Mendoza sub-region
Famous name producers Best reputation Contains the smaller regions of Maipu and Lujan de Cuyo |
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Maipu
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Argetntina, sub-region of Central Mendoza
Warmest area in the region Loamy clay soils Great for Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Malbec |
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Lujan de Cuyo
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Argentina, Sub-region of Central Mendoza
Best known for quality Malbec and Syrah |
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East Mendoza
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Argentina, Mendoza sub-region
Largest sub-region... Also the least regarded Lower elevation, hotter temp |
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Uco Valley
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Argentina... Mendoza?
Most sought after vineyards in the country Highest altitude! Orchards that are being converted over to vines Foreign investment- wine and tourism Directly below the Andes Cool climate is perfect for crisp whites and delicate Pinot Noir |
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Rio Negro
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Argentina
Highly suitable area for fine wine production One of the most southern wine making regions in the world Far from the Andes, equator, cities Relativly low altitude compared to the rest of the country Cool climate region Excellent whites, Bordeaux blends, Pinot Noir, even Syrah Accounts for less than 10% of Argentina's vineyard area |
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Patagonia
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Argentina
Newest wine region First vintage was in 2002 from vines that were planted in 1999 Government initiative developed one estate of 1,500 ha 300 miles of water pipes were installed, over 3,700 miles of drip irrigation Potential location for quality Pinot Noir |
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Brazil
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Third most important producer in South America...
Makes 300 million bottles a year and drink it all themselves ("thank you for not exporting") Mostly hybrids dominating the hot and humid vineyard areas Vinifera accounts for less than 20% of plantings "Like a tall midget... it's still just not that tall..." |
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Uruguay
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4th largest wine production in South America
120 million bottles Wet climate Dedicated wine drinking population! Mostly Tannat planted Also Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc with potential for Syrah Most of the vineyards are located near to Montevideo |
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Peru/Bolivia
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First vines planted in South America
Devestated by Phylloxera Harsh climates for vinifera Most of the grapes grown are used to make Pisco Virtually no exports Bolivia= High altitude vineyards, lots of light intensity... Carignan and Grenache |
