Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Australia
(Irrigation) |
in the 1880's, the government employed 2 Canadians (George and WIlliam Chaffey) to develop irrigation projects along the Murray River... provided water for friut trees and vines growing in hot and arrid areas
Irrigated vineyards in dry inland Australia have alaways been an important part of the country's wine industry Irrigated Inland= 70% of Australia's grape production Salinity issues are problematic... Drip and Deficite irrigatoin have led to a more efficient utilization of water Bore holes can be nessicary to access ground water |
|
|
Australia
(Irrigation and Salinity...) |
Lots of high saline soils!
When irrigating these areas, it is key not to over water as it can start to release the saline into the vineyard and destroy it... |
|
|
Australia
(Mech/Tech) |
Changes in vineyard management after the 1970's
Mechanical pruning and harvesting made large scale vineyard projects more economical... Over 80% of all Aus vineyards are machine harvested! Lack of labor due to a smaller, spread out population makes it nearly impossible to perform manual harvesting |
|
|
Flying Winemakers...
(Australia) |
Many of the Australia winemakers have spent time in northern hemisphere vineyards/winery learning other areas "tricks of the trade"
They aren't shy about bringing these ideas back to Australia to give them a try there Examples: Acidification, Canopy Management, Mechanical Harvesting, so on... |
|
|
Drought
(Australia) |
2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009...
Maybe southeast winemaking regions are not sustainable? Water rights can be HUGE deal Climate issues may be able to help regulate the massive surplus of wine being produced... |
|
|
South Australia
|
Produces over 50% of Australia's wine
Phylloxera free! Key areas: Barossa Valley, Eden Valley, Clare Valley, McLaren Vale, Coonawarra, Padthaway, Riverland |
|
|
Barossa
(Basics) |
South Australia, Adelaide
Australia's largest quality wine district Irrigation is the norm with over 60% of the vineyards set up for it Classic full-throttle Aussie Shiraz, especially the old vine stuff Best wines typically ceom from hillside vineyards rather than the valley floor Phylloxera free area!!! Traditional viticulture (bush pruning, no irrigation) results inlow yields of high quality grapes |
|
|
Barossa
(Climate) |
They want you to think that it's marginal and cool here, but that is bullshit...
Hot, dry summers with very low rainfall Warm (being nice...) continental climate |
|
|
Barossa
(Soil) |
Two basic types:
Brown, loamy sand to clay loam... or Sany light brownish Grey to dark grey brown soils... Relativly low in fertility Acidity tends to increase with depth |
|
|
Clare Valley GI
(Basics) |
South Australia, Adilade, Mount Lofty Ranges
Lies to the north of Barossa and is 1/3 the size Little irrigation is practiced Home to some of the counrty's best Riesling (Polish River Hill and Watervale are noteable...) Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz have more definition, higher acidity |
|
|
Clare Valley GI
(Geography/Climate) |
Extreme climate- hotter and drier than most of South Australia
Patchwork of hills and valleys- generally higher altitude than surrounding areas |
|
|
Eden Valley GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Barossa
Rocky, acidic soils Cool and wet for Australia Known for excellent Riesling and some very good Chardonnay... Viogner and Semillion are developing a good reputaion Home to Henschke and their famous Shiraz |
|
|
McLaren Vale GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Fleurieu
Ideal grape growing conditions! Mild, warm summers Adequate rainfall Great drainage No frosts or droughts Site of Australia's oldest vineyard- the John Reynell vineyard Shiraz is the best wines produced here, but all of the usual suspects are planted here as well |
|
|
Coonawarra GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Limestone Coast
Narrow rectanlgular strip of land Crumbly, red soils known as "Terra Rossa" topsoils with free draining limestone subsoils and a high watertable Consistent cloud cover One of the coolest (temp) areas for viticulture in Australia Degree days are lower than those of the Cote de Beaune |
|
|
Padthaway GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Limestone Coast
North of Coonawarra and similar in climate (cooler) Red-brownclay with limestone soils Good reputation for white wines (Riesling, Chardonnay, Semillon) Good Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz as well |
|
|
Adelaide Hills GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Mount Lofty Ranges
Mazes of hills and valleys just outside of Adelaide Generally cool climate Major risk of moisture during flowering can lead to poor fruitset in some years Ideal area for Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir as well as Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz in warmer areas Nice bubbles here...?...says ISG... |
|
|
Riverland GI
|
South Australia, Adelaide, Lower Murray
Vines have been grown here since the introduction of irrigation from the Murray River at the end of the 19th century Hot and dry climate with little rainfall High yeilds due to irrigation... This one area is responsible for almost 50% of the annual Aussie vintage Huge production of bag-in-box wine made from Thompson Seedless... gross... Lots of base wine for brandy production as well |
|
|
New South Wales
|
Southeast Australia
Huge quantity producing area with several quality producing regions thrown in, too |
|
|
Lower Hunter Valley GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales
Hot and humid days with cooler nights known for full-bodies Shiraz and 'unique' style of Semillon |
|
|
Upper Hunter Valley GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales
Hotter and less humid/wet than it's other half, Lower Hunter Valley Best known for white wines, particularlly Chardonnay. Pioneered by Penfold's |
|
|
Riverina GI
aka Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (M.I.A.) |
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Big Rivers
Accounts for 10% of total production in New South Wales Volume is typically the name of the game here... Some good quality late harvest wines... Botrytis is common Some very frin sweet wiens from Riesling and Semillon *Source of most Yellowtail! gross! |
|
|
Mudgee GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Central Ranges
Same latitude as Hunter Valley High altitude Long ripening period Good Chardonnay and Semillon |
|
|
Orange GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Central Ranges
It exists... |
|
|
Hilltops GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Southern New South Wales
It exists... |
|
|
Canberra District GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Southern New South Wales
It exists... |
|
|
Tumbarumba GI
|
Southeast Australia, New South Wales, Southern New South Wales
|
|
|
Glenrowan GI
|
North East Victoria
Classic dessert wine area Some 'interesting' Cabernet Sauvignon also... Brown Brothers use the name "Milawa" |
|
|
Rutherglen GI
|
North East Victoria
Most famous dessert wine area in Australlia Home to rare Liqueur Muscat (from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains) and Liqueur Tokay (from Muscadelle) An emerging area for for premium varietal wines as well |
|
|
Goulburn Valley GI
|
Central Victoria
Famous due to the efforts of Chateau Tahbilk (est.1860) Excellent Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Great Chardonnay, Riesling, Rhone style whites as well |
|
|
Macedon GI
|
Central Victoria
Known for Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling |
|
|
Ballarat GI
|
Central Victoria
Reputation for sparkling wines... |
|
|
Bendigo GI
|
Central Victoria
Excellent red wone area known for distinctive Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon |
|
|
Yarra Valley GI
|
Victoria, Port Phillip
Cool climate area Excellent Pinot Noir and Chardonnay "Lettuce Crisp" Riesling Some very good sparkling wines Moet&Chandon invested in Green Point Vineyards |
|
|
Great Western GI
aka Grampians GI |
Western Victoria
Recently had name changed to Grampians... Traditional area for quality sparkling wines Some very good Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon as well |
|
|
Pyrenees GI
|
Western Victoria
Area was formerly known as Avoca Very good red wine area with Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot being the shining stars |
|
|
Mornington Peninsula GI
|
Victoria, Port Phillip
Cool, damp from moderating ocean breeze... True maritime climate Ideal for Piont Noir and Chardonnay, hope for Pinot Gris and Viogner Some volcanic soils |
|
|
Western Australia
|
Exciting and realativly new area
Most of what is now considered to be 'classic' areas were little more than quiet backwaters less than 40 years ago Wines usually combine Aussie ripeness with European structure South= variable climate with maritime influences! North/Inland= Continental influences! |
|
|
Western Australia
(Grapes) |
White: Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Merlot, Pinot Noir |
|
|
Dr John Gladstones
|
Important figure in the development of Western Australia's wine production
Published groundbreaking research paper in 1960's He painted a very optomistic picture of Margaret River as a prime area for viticulture... Comparisons to Bordeaux for climate Moderating effects of the coastal wind Suitability of Cabernet Sauvignon |
|
|
Margaret River GI
|
Western Austalia, South Western Australia
Stongly maritime influenced climate- warm, but cooled by ocean breeze Unparalleled ripeness in grapes is possible home to one of Australia's best Chardonnays- Leewin Excellent Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz Very good Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc blends |
|
|
Great Southern GI
|
Western Australia, South West Australia
Approximatly 1,600 ha under vine Coolest (temp) growing area in wwestern Australia Good for Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Riesling Subregions of Frankland River and Mount Baker have generated some enthusiasm for Shiraz and Riesling... |
|
|
Swan District GI
|
Western Australia, Greater Perth
Located northeats of Perth 800ha under vine Hot, Mediterranean climate One of the hottes wine regions in the world Rlieable afternoon breeze cools the area somewhat Irrigation is essential Perhaps best suited for fortified wines? |
|
|
Tasmania
|
Australia
Since the 1980's this has been the source of base wine for some very good sparkling producers Very good Riesling and Chardonnay Some success with Pinot Noir as well Too cold to ripen Cabernet Sauvignon |
|
|
New Zealand
(Location/Climate) |
North Island is on the same latitude as Tasmania
1,200 miles of ocean between the islands! Generally speaking the North Island is warmer and less mountainous than the South Island and see more rain |
|
|
New Zealand
(Soils) |
Wide range of soil types- 70+
Soils are 'young' Silt, sand, gravel, stony alluvial soils are the most common Due to the diverse soils and diverse micoclimates, there is signifigant diversity in the wines from here as well |
|
|
New Zeland
(Production) |
Little land to spare!
No Riverland here... Bulk production is not economically feasible Producers concentrate on higher price points 85% of wines are under screw cap |
|
|
New Zeland
(Grapes) |
25 varieties planted over 10 regions!!!
Chardonnay- 18% Sauvignon Blanc- 36% Riesling- 4% Chenin Blanc- little... Pinot Noir- 16% Merlot- 8% Cabernet Sauvignon- 3% Syrah- 1% |
|
|
New Zeland- North Island
(Important Regions) |
Auckland
Gisborne Hawks Bay Wellington |
|
|
New Zealand- South Island
(Imortant Regions) |
Canterbury
Central Otago Marlborough Nelson |
|
|
Aukland CO
|
New Zealand, North Island
Traditinal center of the industry Many large wineries are still located here Now represents less than 2% of teh planted area in all of NZ Small production of high quality reds from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Malbec * Waiheke Island is famous for stunning Bordeaux stly reds due to sun and lack of humidity |
|
|
Gisborne CO
|
New Zealand, North Island
Also called "Poverty Bay", used to eb called "Carafe Country" Fertile river valley with poor draining soils 50% of vineyards are devoted to Chardonnay More wine produced than Hawkes Bay with 1/2 of teh vineyards Now home to come very high quality Gewurztraminer and Sauvignon Blanc Red accounts for only 10% of production here |
|
|
Hawkes Bay CO
|
New Zealand, North Island
Driest wine region in the country Old river bed from meandering river Best wines are from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot A few decent whites from Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay Gimblet Gravels is the most famous area |
|
|
Wellington CO
|
New Zealand, North Island
Sometimes called "Wairarpa CO" Home to Martinborough CO! Only the 6th largest region, but important wines! Stoney, free-draining soils Cult following for Pinot Noir, and rightly so, some of the best in the country Very good area for Chardonnay and Gewurztraminer as well |
|
|
Marlborough CO
|
New Zealand, South Island
New Zealand's most famous and largest wine region Fastes growing area Shallow, stony, free-draing soils that reflect the sun's heat Stakes it's reputation on Suavignon Blanc Some very good Chardonnay as well as a growing area for quality Pinot Noir |
|
|
Canterbury CO
|
New Zealand, South Island
Vineyards located on plains surrounding Christchurch Best wines from Waipara Valley which has chalky, limestone soild with excellent drainage Long, dry summers with warmer than average temps due to protection from coastal hills Showing promise in Chardonnay and Piont Noir Riesling and Sauvignon Blanc are emerging... |
|
|
Central Otago CO
|
New Zealand, South Island
Most marginal climate fro grape growing... Cooler than the Mosel! 200 Degree days below the theoretical minimum! Only continental climate in NZ! "Wines with ALTITUDE!!!" Most southernly wine making region in the world 7th most widely planted and fastest growing region in NZ Pinot Noir is the shinning star Riesling and Chardonnay may prove to be better suited for the location Quartz Reef subregion is producing some exceptional sparlking wine |
|
|
Nelson CO
|
New Zealand, South Island
Formerly an area for hops and tobacco Reputation is over shadowed by Marlborough... Land is expensive here and plots are small Stony, well-drained soils make it ideal for premium wine production Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir do great here Home to many boutique wineries and artists *Waimea= great subregion, rain shadow effected! |
