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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is Tuscany Located? |
Central Italy |
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What kind of climate does Tuscany have? |
Meditteranean |
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What kinds of soil will you find in Tuscany? |
Limestone, galestro, and clay. Soil tends to be a bit varied. |
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What grapes are grown in Tuscany? |
Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Colorino, Ciligielo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Trebbiano, Malvasia, Vernaccia |
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What are some viticultural hazards in Tuscany? |
Heat, lack of rainfall can be an issue, irrigation only allowed on younger vines. |
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What are some vinification techniques in Tuscany? |
Large old oak (known as botti) and Barriques (small oak barrels) are also experimented with in more modern styles. |
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Name the DOCG Chianti subzones of Tuscany? |
-Classico -Colli Aretini -Colli Fiorentini -Colline Pisane -Colli Senesi -Montalbano -Montespertoli -Rufina
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Describe the wines from Brunello di Montalcino? |
Named after a commune in Tuscany 100% Sangiovese wines made from Brunello clone Spend two years in oak, and 4 years in bottle before release Riserva spends 5 years in bottle. |
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Describe the wines of Vina Nobile de Montepulciano? |
Wines are made from Sangiovese varietal known as Prugnolo Gentile. Wine is aged in oak for 2 years, 3 if it's a riserva. Can be blended with up to 20% Canailolo Nero and Mammolo. |
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Where is Bordeaux located? |
Bordeaux is located in Southwestern France |
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Describe the history of the Bordeaux wine region |
Eleanor of Aquitane married Henry II from England, which developed England's demand for Bordeaux wines 100 years war (Napoleon made up with England) Dutch drained the Medoc marsh |
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Describe the landscape in Bordeaux |
Dominated by two rivers: Dordogne and Garonne, which drain into the Gironde Estuary Coastal dunes The Landes forest tempers humidity Land is primarily flat with very subtle sloping |
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Describe the viticulture of Bordeaux |
High density planting Guyot training Mechanical Harvesting is common, although top estates still harvest by hand. Blending is very common |
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What are some viticultural hazards in Bordeaux? |
Rain and humidity can cause fungus and mildew. Ripening can also be an issue in years with cold or hot weather. |
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Name the three areas of production of Bordeaux wine |
The three areas of production are the Left Bank, Right Bank, and Entre deux Mers |
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What is the climate like in Bordeaux |
Bordeaux has a maritime climate |
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Describe the soil in Bordeaux |
Left bank is primarily gravel for the most part. Right bank is primarily clay with sand Entre deux mers has alluvial soil (sand and clay in varying proportions) |
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Name the Left Bank subregions? |
Medoc, Graves, and Sauternes/Barsac |
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Name the Right Bank Subregions |
Saint-Emilion, Pomerol, Bourg, and Balye |
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Who is Emile Peynaud |
Emile Peynaud is a French oenologist and researcher who developed modern hygienic winemaking methods in the latter half of the 20th century. |
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Name the grapes grown in Bordeaux |
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Malbec Whites: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillion, and Muscadelle |
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Name the First Growth red wines from the 1855 Bordeaux Classification and their locations?
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Chateau Lafite Rothschild - Pauillac (Medoc) Chateau Latour - Pauillac (Medoc) Chateau Margeaux - Margeaux (Medoc) Chateau Haut Brion - Pessac Leognan (Graves) Chateau Mouton Rothschild - Pauillac (Medoc) |
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Name the Superior First Growth white wine from the 1855 Bordeaux Classification and its location?
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Chateau d'Yquem - Sauternes |
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Where is Burgundy located? |
Burgundy is located in east-central France, southeast of Paris |
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What are the Burgundian wine law levels? |
Regional and Generic, District Commune or Village Premier Cru Grand Cru |
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What is a monopole? |
A monopole means an appellation is owned by only one winery. |
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What is the climate like in Burgundy? |
Burgundy has a continental climate |
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What is the viticulture like in Burgundy? |
Temperature variations from North to south Area receives adequate precipitation |
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What are some viticultural hazards in Burgundy |
Dangers of rain at harvest which leads to rot and dilution. Spring frost and hail are also a concern. |
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Name the 5 growing areas in Burgundy from North to South |
Chablis, Cote d'Nuits, Cote d'Beaune (both make up Cote d'or, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais, Beaujolais. |
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Describe the soil in Burgundy |
Chablis: Kimmeridgean & Portlandian limestone Cote d'Or: limestone Chalonnaise: limestone Maconnais: limestone Beaujolais: granite |
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What grapes are grown in Burgundy? |
Pinot Noir Chardonnay Gamay Aligote Pinot Blanc Pinot Beurot (Gris) Cesar and Tressot, Sacy and Melon Sauvignon Blanc (St. Bris) |
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Describe vinification styles of wines in Burgundy |
Reds: Crush and cold soak, open fermenters, natural yeast, pigeage White: Pressing, fermentation, batonnage, lees, and maturation Chaptalization is allowed in both red and white wines. |
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Describe the cuisine of Burgundy |
Cassis Charloais Beef Mustard Sausage Poulet de Bresse River fish - pike and perch |
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Describe the cheeses of Burgundy |
Epoisses - soft, intense, orange rind cheese Ami du Chambertin - milder than Epoisses Aisy-Cendre-preserved in ash & grape cuttings. Soumaintrain - soft, mild cow's milk cheese Charolais - goat's milk cheese with blue mold Montrachet - very mild goat cheese wrapped in vine leaves. |
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Where is Alsace located? |
Alsace is located in far Eastern France, along the German border. |
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What grapes are grown in Alsace? |
Riesling, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Gewurtztraminer, Muscat, Pinot Noir Sylvaner is a secondary grape grown in the region. |
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What is the soil like in Alsace? |
Diverse limestone and sandstone marl. Soil is quite varied throughout the area |
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Describe the climate in Alsace |
Climate is semi-continental. Vosges mountains cause rain shadow effect. Result is low rain, lots of sunshine, and more moderate temperatures. |
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What are the four noble grapes grown in Alsace? |
Riesling Gewurtztraminer Pinot Gris Muscat |
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Describe the vinification in Alsace |
Sparkling - Cremant d'Alsace makes up 20% of production Most wines are vinified dry to pair with food Vendage tardive - late harvest wines Selections de grains nobles - botrytis wines |
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Describe the wine culture in Alsace |
Shares border with Germany so area has a huge Germanic influence. Residents typically speak both languages. |
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Describe the regional cuisine and cheeses of Alsace. |
Choucroute Garnie Sausages and sauerkraut Tarte flambee - creme fraiche, caramelized onion, and bacon tart. Munster cheese - ripe cow's milk cheese |
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Where is the Rhone located? |
The Rhone region is located in southeastern France, south of Burgundy. |
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What is the climate in the Rhone region? |
The climate in the Rhone region is Continental, the Mistral wind is prevalent. |
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What grapes are grown in the Northern Rhone? |
Syrah Viognier Marsanne Rousanne
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Name the appellations of the Northern Rhone. |
Cote Rotie Chateau Grillet - white wine regions Condrieu - white wine regions Condrieu/St. Joseph St. Joseph Crozes-Hermitage Hermitage Cornas St-Peray
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What kind of viticultural hazards can be found in the Northern Rhone? |
Poor weather at flowering, fungal diseases are common concerns. |
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Describe the soil of the Northern Rhone |
Granite |
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What grapes are main grapes grown in Southern Rhone |
Grenache, Syrah, Mouverdre, Carignan, Cinsault, Supporting grapes are - Counties, Muscardin, Vaccarese, Terret Noir, Clairette, Grenache blanc, Bourboulenc, Rousanne, Picpoul, and Picardan |
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List the growing areas of Southern Rhone |
Chateauneuf du Pape, Luberon, Gigondas, Lirac, Rasteau, Tavel, Vacqueyras, Cotes: Cotes du Rhone Village, Tricastin, Vivarais, Ventoux, Luberon, Pierrevert |
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What is the climate in the Southern Rhone |
Mediterranean, microclimates has some cooler zones. |
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What is the soil in Southern Rhone |
sandy soils are mixed up with limestone and alluvial |
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Where is the Loire located? |
The Loire valley is located in Western France. |
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Name the main growing areas of the Loire Valley from West to East |
Pais Nantais, Anjou-Saumur, Touraine, and Central Vineyards |
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Describe the soils of the Loire Valley |
Pais Nantais - sand, clay, and gravel over granite Anjou-Saumur - Schist and Tuffeau Touraine - Tuffeau Central Vineyards - diverse limestone & Sandstone marl |
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Describe the climate of the Loire Valley from West to East |
Pais Nantais - Maritime Anjou - Saumur - Maritime-Continental Touraine - Continental-Maritime Central Vineyards - Continental |
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Name the grapes that are grown in the Loire Valley |
Cabernet Franc Chenin Blanc Sauvignon Blanc Melon de Bourgogne Pinot Noir
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Describe unique winemaking methods in the Loire Valley |
Pais Nantais - Muscadet is bottled sur lie. Unwooded and high acid. Known for having breaded, yeasty notes. |
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What are some classic food pairings in the Loire Valley |
Muscadet with Oysters and shellfish Sancerre with goat cheese Cabernet Franc with Rillette and charcuterie |
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Describe the climate in Germany |
Germany has a cold-continental climate |
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Where is the Mosel Valley located? |
The Mosel Valley is located in Western Germany, with the most southern part of the valley bordering France. |
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What soil would you find in the Mosel |
Slate |
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Define an anbaguebiete. |
An Anbaugebiet is a recognized wine region in Germany.
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What is a Bereiche? |
A Bereiche is a smaller district within a wine region (anbaguebiet). |
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Define a grosslagen |
Grosslagen is a group of collective vineyard sites, each with it's own name, that group together several smaller vineyard sites. |
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What is an einsellagen? |
Very small plots of land that are individual vineyard sites, each with its own name. |
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Name the thirteen anbaguebiete regions in Germany |
Mosel, Ahr, Mittelrhein, Nahe, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Hessische Bergstrasse, Franken, Wurttemberg, Baden, Saale-Unstrut, Sachsen.
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What white wine grapes are grown in Germany? |
Riesling Muller-Thurgau Silvaner Kerner Bacchus Schuerebe Graubergunder (Pinot Gris) Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc) |
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What are the most common red wine grapes grown in Germany? |
Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir) Portugueiser Trollinger Schwarzriesling Lemberger Dornfelder |
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Arrange the levels of the Pradikatsvein Classification System. |
Kabinett Spatlese Auslese Beerenauslese Eiswein Trockenbeerenauslese |
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Where is the Tokaji region located? |
Tokaji wine is made in the Eastern most region in Hungary |
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What grapes are used in Tokaji wine |
Furmint, Harslevelu. |
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Describe the winemaking method of Tokaji |
The grapes are initially picked at harvest to make a still wine A second harvest takes place to choose the botrytis affected grapes. The grapes are pounded together to make a paste, and it's added to the still white wine
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Describe pairings for Tokaji wine |
A puttonyos is an indigenous name for the size of the paste added to the still wine. The range beginning at 3 Puttonyos (similar to an Auslese Riesling), 4 and 5 (Beerenauslese category). |
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What are the minimum aging requirements for Aszu wine? |
Aszu wine is three years (two in barrel and one in bottle) Essensia is the longest fermenting wine and is absurdly expensive.
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Arrange the levels of the Pradikatsvein Classification System. |
Kabinett Spatlese Auslese Beerenauslese Eiswein Trockenbeerenauslese |
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Name the 4 Methods for Sparkling Wine |
Traditional Method (Methode Champagnoise) Charmat - Cuvee Clos aka Tank Method Transfer Method Injection Method Ancestrale |
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Define the Traditional Method of Sparkling Wine |
The second fermentation takes place in the bottle. Considered the highest quality of sparkling wines. Exclusively used in Champagne, and other areas of France bearing Cremant label. |
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Define the Charmat Method (Tank Method) and where it is used. |
The tank method is when the second fermentation takes place in large tanks instead of the bottle. A fast process. Ideal for fruity grapes. Common in Prosecco and other areas of Italy |
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Define the Transfer method and where it is used. |
The transfer method is when the second fermentation takes place in the bottle, and all bottle liquid including lees are transferred to a tank where it is filtered and drained. Used in Australia, California, and Germany to make Sekt. |
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Define the Injection Method and where it is used. |
The Injection Method is when CO2 is injected into a liquid. Similar to a soda siphon and Coca Cola. |
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Where is Champagne located? |
Champagne is located in North-Central France 70 miles NE of Paris. |
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What is the climate in Champagne? |
Champagne has a continental climate with maritime influence |
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What is the soil like in Champagne? |
Champagne has chalky soil (two main types are Belemite and Micraster chalk, with some areas having Kimmeridgean limestone). Kimmeridgean Limestone - Aube |
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What grapes are grown in Champagne |
Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinot Meunier Arbane |
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What are the viticultural practices in Champagne? |
Best vineyards have Taille Chablis vine (also known as spur) training. Cordon de Royat - looks like a T with the vines growing directly upward and straight. Increased fertilization and yields. |
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What is the Eschelles de Cru? |
It is a percentile based system for setting prices in Champagne. Has to rate 80 points or higher. No longer in use. Grape prices are now determined by contracts between producers and houses. |
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Name the growing areas of Champagne |
Aube Montage de Reims Vallée de la Marne Cotes de Sezanne Cotes de Blancs |
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Describe the wines from Aube in Champagne |
Contains sub-regions Essoyes, Les Riceys and Mussy-sur-Seine Pinot Noir grown in marl soils. Wines are aromatic with less acidity |
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Describe the wines from Montagne de Reims in Champagne |
Contains Verzy, Bouzy, and Rilly-la-Montagne. Mostly Pinot Noir. Major Champagne houses from here |
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Describe the wines from Cote des Blancs in Champagne |
Contains Vertus, Oger, Avize, and Le Mesnil-sur-Oger Mostly Chardonnay. Chalk-based soils produce wines with higher acidity. Wines are elegant and racy. |
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Describe the Vallée de la Marne in Champagne |
Includes Chateau-Thierry, Dormans, Troissy, Dizy and Ay. Mostly Pinot Muenier. |
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Describe the Côtes de Sézanne in Champagne |
Mostly Chardonnay from soils of both chalk and marl. Wines are aromatic with less acidity than Côte des Blancs. |
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What are the steps in the Champagne Method? |
Harvest brings in grapes Grapes are pressed First Fermentation - result is high acid base wine Blending - wines are blended Second Fermentation - takes place in bottle Aging on lees - fermentation complete. Dead yeast cells give flavors and bouquet aromas Riddling: bottles are moved slowly so the dead yeast cells reach the neck of the bottle Disgorgement: yeast cells are removed Dosage: Topped off with mixture of wine and sugar syrup (liqueur de expedition)
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What are the sweetness levels of Champagne? |
Brut Nature < 0-3 g/l Extra Brut 0-6 g/l Brut 0 - 12 g/l Sec 12-17 g/l Extra Dry 12-17 g/l Dry 17-32 g/l Demi Sec 32-50 g/l Doux 50+ g/l |
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What is a Negociant/Manipulant? |
A champagne house |
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What is a Recoltant? |
A champagne grower |
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What is a Recoltant Manipulant |
A champagne grower who also sells wine under his own label. |
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How long is NV Champagne aged on its lees? |
At least 15 months |
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How long is vintage champagne aged on its lees? |
At least 3 years. |
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What is the Mnemonic Device for Large Format Bottles |
Michael Jackson Really Makes Small Boys Nervous RIP Michael, but you had a weird, weird thing for little boys. |
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Name the large format bottles from smallest to largest. |
Magnum - 2 bottles Jeroboam - 4 bottles Rehoboam - 6 bottles Methuselah - 8 bottles Salmanazar - 12 bottles Balthazar - 16 bottles Nebuchadnezzar - 20 bottles |
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What is a Cremant wine? |
A regional sparkling French wine made outside of Champagne. Uses the same method as Champagne but wine only spends 9 months in contact with the lees |
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What is Method Ancestral wine? |
A spontaneous second fermentation wine in France. Blanquette de Limoux in Languedoc and Clairette de Die in the Rhone region. |
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What regions is sparkling wine made in Spain? |
Penedes - Catalunya region in SE Spain Rioja Navarra Aragon Valencia |
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What style is Spanish sparkling wine made in |
Sparkling wine (cava) is made using the traditional method in Champagne. |
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What grapes are used in Cava? |
Common grapes: Parellada, Macabeo and Xarel-lo Other grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir Malvasia, Garnacha |
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What does Cava taste like? |
More fruit with less lees aging, fine bubbles, lighter in body and texture. |
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What regions makes sparkling wine in Italy? |
Franciacorta - Lombardia Asti - Piedmonte Prosecco
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Discuss the wines from Franciacorta |
Franciacorta is traditional method sparkling wine made in Lombardia Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, and Pinot Bianco Wines are aged for 25 months. |
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Discuss the wines from Asti in Italy |
Asti is located in the Piedmont region of Italy Two styles: Spumante, and Moscato d'Asti. Both are made from the Moscato grape Using the Cuvee Clos method |
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Discuss the wines from Prosecco |
DOCG is Prosecco Made from the Glera grape (used to be called Prosecco) Using the Cuvee Clos method |
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Describe the climate and geography of Piedmont in Italy |
Location: NW Italy, borders France Geography: Piemonte means: “At the foot of the mountains”
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What is the climate like in Piedmont in Italy |
Continental Climate with both Alpine and Mediterranean influences Weather related issues like hail and heavy rain are issues. |
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What is the soil like in Piedmont in Italy |
Soils are mostly calcareous clay marl where red grapes are planted and sandier soils for whites. |
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What grapes are grown in Piedmont |
Red Grapes: Nebbiolo, Dolcetto, Barbera, Brachetto, Grignolino White Grapes: Moscato, Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce Chardonnay |
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What are the major wine regions in Piedmont |
Barolo, Barbaresco, Ghemme, Gattinara, Carema, Roero, Gavi, Roero Arneis. |
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Where is the Veneto located in Italy |
Veneto region is located in North-east Italy |
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What is the climate like in Veneto |
More or less Alpine or Maritime - often called Semi-Contiental.
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Describe the viticulture of the Veneto region |
Pergola or tendone training Issues with density and ripeness Bush vines on steep slopes are common |
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What grapes are grown in the Veneto Region |
Whites: Garganega, Trebbiano, Processo, Chardonny and Sauvignon Blanc Reds: Corvina, Rondinella, Molinara, Sangiovese, Croatina, etc. International Reds: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenere. |
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Describe the unique vinification styles in the Veneto |
Passito style wines: wines made from grapes that have been dried out (similar to raisins).
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Describe the Appasimento Process |
Process involves selecting bunches of ripe grapes Dried for about 3 months until they've lost 25-40% of their original weight Assisted by fans and dehumidifiers in drying barns. Some styles are sweet and some styles are dry. |
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What are the Italian terms to describe the sweetness level in a passito wine? |
Amabile - sweet Secco - dry Amandorlato - in between |
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Describe the Soave region in the Veneto |
Soave DOC - Makes about 30% of Veneto's DOC wines. Made from Garganega blended with up to 30% Trebbiano, Pinot Bianco, and Chardonnay Fine Volanic basalt soils with calcareous clay. |
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Describe the Soave Superiore region in the Veneto |
Soave Superiore - DOCG status. Recioto di Soave DOCG: Passito wine, expensive, sweet, and many feel the peak of quality. Gambellara DOC and Bianco di Custoza are very similar wines made nearby. |
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Describe the Valpolicella region in the Veneto |
Made from Corvina, Rondinella and Molinara. Corvina is king. Grapes are grown in Garganago, Humane, Marano, and Negrar. Basalt (toar) soils. There is now a classico zone. |
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Describe Amarone della Valpolicella in Veneto |
Has DOCG status Grapes grown in same area as Valpolicella DOCG is for the style not the region. Wines are made using the Appasiamento process. |
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What is a Valpolicella Ripasso wine |
Unofficial wine style produced by adding basic Valpolicella wine to the unpressed lees of an Amarone fermentation. |
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Describe the Bardolino region in Veneto |
less international rep than Valpolicella Light, fruity, often carbonic wines.
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Describe the wine laws in Spain |
Vino de Mesa: Table wine: Largely unclassified Vino de la Tierra (Comarcal): similar to French VDP System (Regional Labeling) DO Wine: Quality wine Region. DOCa: Very similar to Italian DOCG |
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Aging Requirements for Spanish Wines |
Sin Crianza - without age (no longer active) Joven - very little aging Crianza: 2 years: 12 mos wood, 12 mos bottle Riserva: 3 years: 1 year wood; 2 year bottle Gran Riserva: 5 years: 24 mos wood; 36 mos bottle |
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What is the Consuelo Regulador? |
A governing control body within each DO wine region that enforces viticultural standards and practices. |
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What is the general climate like in Spain |
Spain overall tends to be very arid and dry. Largely Mediterranean climate. |
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Describe the Rias Baixas Region |
Located in NW Spain above Portugal Soil: Granite Grapes: Known for Albarino white wine
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What are some viticultural practices in Spain |
Pruning and Training: En cabeza (vine head is low to the ground to keep it cool). Leaves are trained to shadow the grapes. Early morning dew keeps the grapes cool. |
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What grapes are grown in Spain? |
Whites: Airen, Viura, Albarino, Macabeo, Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca, Palomino, Parellada, Xarel-lo, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc. Red: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Monastrell, Carinena, Graciano, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot |
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Describe the Rioja and name the regions that make up the area. |
Location: Northern Spain Rioja Alta - clay soil Rioja Baja - iron rich clay and alluvial soil Rioja Alavesa - mostly calcareous clay Area as a whole has limestone, chalk, clay, and alluvial soils |
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What grapes are grown in Rioja? |
Tempranillo, Graciano, Mazuelo |
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What are some unique aging characteristics in Rioja |
Rioja wines are aged in American oak. |
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What is the climate like in Rioja |
The climate in Rioja Alta and Alavesa is Continental, and Rioja Baja is Continental with strong Mediterranean influences. |
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Describe the Priorato region in Spain |
Climate: Mediterranean Soil: Licorella (catalan name for Slate) Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carinena, Garnacha, Merlot, Syrah, Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo, Pedro Ximenez, and Chenin Blanc. |
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Which 2 wines in the Loire contain the regional name? |
Rosé de la Loire Crémant de la Loire |
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Describe the history of the Loire Valley |
Romans were probably the first to plant vines in the region. They had vineyards in the coastal Pays Nantais and also vineyards around Sancerre Influence of the Dutch and the English Domestic Market and Paris Wealthy nobles and Paris come to the Loire in the summer to fish and hunt. |
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What are the wine laws in the Loire Valley |
There is no general Loire AOC, areas are broken out into four pieces: Pais Nantais, Anjou-Saumur, Touraine, and Central Vineyards |
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Describe the location, climate, and soil of the Pais Nantais areas of the Loire Valley |
Location: Western France Soil: mixture of gravel, sand, and clay over granite Climate: maritime
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What grapes are grown in the Pais Nantais Region |
Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet) Folle Blanche (Gros Plant) Gamay Cabernet Franc |
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Describe vinification in the Pays Nantais |
Sur lie development Early bottling Gobelet style pruning is traditional |
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What are the major appellations in Pays Nantais. |
Muscadet Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine (Sur Lie) (best*) Muscadet des Coteaux de la Loire Muscadet Cotes de Grand Lieu |
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Which areas in the Pays Nantais area can use the term Sur Lie to apply their Muscadet wines |
Coteaux de la Loire Cotes de Grandlieu Sevre-et-Maine |
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What are the Sur Lie rules for Muscadet |
Wines must remain in contact with the sediment over the winter May not be bottled before the third week of March One racking to remove the wine from its gross lees is permitted - no filtering Must be bottled directly off the fine lees before November 30th of the year after the harvest in the cellar in which the wine was made. |
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Honorable Mention AC's in Pays Nantais |
Grow Plant du Nantais VDQS - Secondary wine made from Folle Blance Coteaux d' Ancenis VDQS - Reds and roses made from Gamay and Cabernet. Small amount of Pinot Gris (Malvoisie)
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Describe the viticulture of the Loire Valley |
Climate: Longest river in France Maritime coast to Continental inland Importance of mesoclimates in defining appellations. |
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Describe the soils in the Loire Valley |
Soils: Tufa and Tuffeau Soils are variable Limestone and tuffeau are significant Tuffeau is a distinctive, soft white-yellow limestone. Tufa: volcanic soil |
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What grape varieties are grown in the Loire Valley |
Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet) Chenin Blanc (Pineau de la Loire) Sauvignon Blanc Chasselas Gros Plant (Folle Blanche) Cabernet Franc (Breton) and Sauvignon Gamay Pinot Noir Gros Lot (Grolleau) |
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Describe Chenin Blanc from Pineau de la Loire |
Versatile variety Makes great dry, off-dry, sweet, and sparkling wines in Anjou-Saumur and Touraine Ages well due to high acidity Does particularly well on limestone soils Botrytis affected wines can be stunning Less ripe grapes are used for fizz. |
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What are the various red grapes in the Loire and where are they grown? |
Cabernet Franc - Breton - main red grape of the Loire - Suited to the cool climate - Responsble for the best red wines Gamay - For fresh, simple, and fruity wines Malbec - Cot - Dark colored, tannic wines |
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What vinification issues are found in the Loire Valley |
Many Appellation - specific Whites - tradition under fire - Wood revolution - MLF - Chaptalization Reds: Structure and fruit the new goals Wines have an herbal quality |
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Describe the Anjou-Saumur region in the Loire Valley |
Heartland of the Loire Going through a resurgence New Red Fashions Return of the White wines |
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Describe the viticulture of Anjou-Saumur |
Continued Maritime influence Limestone and Chalk soils Tufa: chalk boiled by volcanic action; porous, resembles pumice Chenin Blanc (Pineau), Cabernet Franc (Breton), also Gamay, Grolleau, Malbec |
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Name the Appellations of Anjou-Saumur |
Anjou: Cabernet d'Anjou, Anjou-Villages, Anjou Rouge, Anjou-Gamay Coteaux du Layon: Bonnezeaux, Quarts-de-Chaume Savenneires Saumur Saumur-Champigny |
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Describe the Anjou AC's |
Anjou AC -Broad AC covering reds from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon -Whites from Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, and Sauv Blanc Anjou-Villages AC Red wines from two Cabernets Rose d'Anjou AC & Rose de Loire AC: Sweet roses made mostly from Grolleau Cabernet d'Anjou AC Dry roses made from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon |
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Describe Savennieres in the Loire valley |
Dry whites from Chenin Long lived, nervy Problems of youth (in the restaurant) Problems of frost Sandstone slopes - often steep Crus of Savennieres: Coulee de Serrant La Roche aux Moines |
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Name the Crus of Savennieres in the Loire Valley |
Coulee de Serrant AC Vineyard of slate and schist Owned by the Joly family since the 1960's Nicolas Joly has been in charge since 1977 La Roche aux Moines |
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Describe the Coteaux du Layon |
Large and on Loire tributary Sweet wines from Chenin Blanc Botrytis and late harvest Coteaux du Layon-Villages Crus: Quarts-de-Chaume, Bonnezaux Sweetness levels: sec, demi-sec, moelleux, liquoreux. |
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Name the appellations in Saumur in Loire |
Important centre for sparkling wine production Cremant de la Loire AC & Saumur Mousseux AC Both use Method Traditional Saumur AC -Mostly Chenin for the whites -Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon for reds -Beaujolais of the Loire Saumur-Champigny AC -Reds from Cabernet Franc -One of the best red wine appellations in the Loire |
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Describe the Touraine area in the Loire Valley |
Located around the city of Tours Wide range of wines Climate shifts to Continental 2 primary Vineyard Groups: West for red and East for white Cabernet Franc, Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon |
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Name the Appellations found in the Touraine |
Touraine Sauvignon de Touraine Chinon Bourgueil Vouvray -Sec -Demi-sec -Moelleux -Liquoreux |
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Describe Touraine AC wines in the Loire Valley |
A catch-all AC covering whites from Chenin and Sauvignon Reds from Cabernet Franc and Gamay Sold as varietal wines Best known for Sauvignon Blanc and Gamay Three sectors of the area can add their name to the appellation Touraine - Amboise Touraine - Mesland Touraine - Azay-le-Rideau |
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The Red Wines of Touraine |
Best red wines of Touraine are all based on Cabernet Franc Gravelly soils are prominent in the better areas The best appellations are: -Chinon AC Bourgueil AC St. Nicolas de Bourgeuil AC |
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Describe wines from Chinon AC |
One of the best reds of the Loire Made from Cabernet Franc Can be brilliant or ordinary Very good wines come from the chalky, limestone slopes Some gravelly soils on the banks of the Vienne yield interesting wines Some rose and small amount of white wine made from Chenin Blanc |
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Describe wines from Bourgueil AC |
Reds in the same style as Chinon Better examples are more concentrated Mostly gravel soils with some tuffeau on the higher slopes Most Bourgeois is a blend of wine from grapes grown on these different soil types Small amount of rose St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AC -Mostly reds and a small amount of rose |
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Describe the wines from Vouvray |
Whites from Chenin Clay and sand over tufa Broadly Continental Variable quality Choice and vintage: stylistic diversity Early bottling Chenin and reduction |
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Describe the Central Vineyards in the Loire Valley |
Eastern and Continental Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir Chalky, stony soils, marine fossils Major Appellations: Sancerre, Pouilly-sur-Loire, Pouilly-Fume, Menetou-Salon, Quincy, Reuilly |
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Describe the Sancerre AC |
Well drained stony, chalky soil rich in marine fossils Three main soil types have been identified all of which are essentially weathered versions of Kimmeridgian limestone -Terres blanches - very similar to the Chablis soils -Caillotes - rubbly limestone -Silex - Flint - sizeable deposits are found throughout the area. |
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Describe the Pouilly-Fumé AC |
Similar to the soils in Sancerre with a slightly higher clay content Very similar wines Characteristic gun flint aromas are supposed to be present in wines where grapes have been grown on silex soils Most wines are best within the first few years Pouilly-sur-Loire AC is a white made from Chasselas |
