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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the general climate of New South Wales & Queensland.
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Tropical, high rainfall
Hot, high humidity Cloud cover moderates heat |
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Describe the general climate of Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, & Tasmania.
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Dry summer and autumn
Winter-spring rainfall |
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What styles of red and white is lower Hunter Valley known for, and where is it located?
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New South Wales
Full-bodied Cab and Shiraz Semillon (called Hunter Valley Riesling) |
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What style of wine is the upper Hunter Valley known for, and where is it located?
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New South Wales
Dry whites, especially Chardonnay |
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Where is Rutherglen located and what style of wine is it known for?
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North East Victoria
Sweet fortified wines, especially from Muscat |
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What is the climate of the Barossa Valley?
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Hot dry summers, low rainfall, low humidity
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What are the aging requirements for Reserva and Gran Reserva wines in Argentina?
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Reserva: 6 mos white, 1 year red
Gran Reserva: 1 year white, 2 years red |
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What is the Zonda?
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In Argentina, a fierce, hot wind that blows from the mountains in late spring/early summer. Can harm flowering.
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What is the dominant soil type in Mendoza?
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Loose, alluvial sand over clay
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What is the dominant soil type in Patagonia?
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Chalk
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What is the percentage law for stated vintage, variety, and region in Chile?
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75%, although many producers go by 85% in order to meet EU export standards
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What is the Humboldt Current?
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An ocean current off the west coast of South America that forces cool sea air inland and significantly cools climate in Chile
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Where is the producer Errazuriz located?
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Valle del Aconcagua DO, Chile
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What style of wine is Valle de Casablanca DO in Chile known for?
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Fresh, crisp dry whites from Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay
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What is the most planted grape in the Maipo Valley (Chile)?
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Cabernet Sauvignon - over 50% of vines
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What state and region sources most of Yellow Tail's fruit?
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New South Wales, Riverina
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What two Australian states were devastated by Phylloxera, and which one survived unscathed?
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Victoria and New South Wales were infected
South Australia was safe due to a quarantine |
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What Australian region did Moet & Chandon start their Domaine in?
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Yarra Valley, Victoria
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What grape are the three coastal regions of Victoria (Geelong, Mornington, Yarra Valley) best known for?
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Pinot Noir
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Where is Coonawarra and what is it best known for?
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Limestone Coast, South Australia
Cabernet Sauvignon, widely considered the best in the country |
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What soil type is Coonawarra known for?
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"Terra Rossa" - red clay produced by weathered limestone
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Where is McLaren Vale located and what is it known for?
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South Australia, Fleurieu
Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon and Rhone varieties |
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Name the three regions within Mount Lofty Regions in South Australia.
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Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Clare Valley
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What style of wine is Clare Valley best known for?
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Riesling, the most classic and ageworthy interpretation in the country
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What style of wine is Barossa best known for?
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premium Shiraz
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What are the two regions within Barossa?
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Barossa Valley
Eden Valley |
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What state is Margaret River GI located in?
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Western Australia
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What grapes are grown in Margaret River GI?
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Evenly split reds & whites
Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauv Blanc Cab Sauv, Shiraz |
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What are the four major AVAs of California?
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North Coast
Central Coast South Coast Sierra Foothills |
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On a California label, what does "Meritage" mean?
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Produced from Bordeaux grapes
A blend in which no grape accounts for more than 90% of the wine |
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What is the Great Dividing Range?
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A mountain range in eastern Australia that runs north to south. In New South Wales it divides the wetter coastal areas from the more arid interior.
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What is the climate like in the Hunter Valley?
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Subtropical - it is Australia's most northerly traditional wine region. Hot summers, wet autumns; vintages are uneven.
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What are the 3 regions within the Central Ranges zone in New South Wales?
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Cowra - Chard
Mudgee - Chard, Cab Orange - Chard, Cab, SB, Shiraz Altitudes of 1k-2k feet |
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Describe the climate of Yarra Valley.
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Cool, maritime. Affected by Antarctic influence. Wide diversity of altitude.
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What grape are the regions of Port Philip in coastal Victoria (Mornington Peninsula, Yarra Valley, Geelong) best known for?
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Pinot Noir
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What are the two major GIs of the Limestone Coast in South Australia?
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Coonawara
Padthaway |
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What is the climate of Fleurieu and what is its most important GI?
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Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandrina
McLaren Vale GI |
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What are the general differences between Barossa Valley GI and Eden Valley GI?
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Eden Valley is cooler
Barossa grows more red grapes |
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What 3 regions are encompassed by the Adelaide GI Super Zone?
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Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges
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What is Adelaide Hills GI, the southernmost GI of Mount Lofty Ranges, known for?
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Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, sparkling wines
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What is the hottest appellation in Australia?
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Swan Valley GI, in Western Australia
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What is Australia's coolest wine producing area?
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Tasmania
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Why is James Busby, famous for being the "father" of the Australian wine industry, important to New Zealand as well?
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He also planted a small vineyard of French and Spanish cuttings in Northland, NZ, the first record of wine production in the country.
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Why are the wine growing regions on the North Island of New Zealand generally rainier than the South Island?
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The South Island is divided by the Southern Alps, which creates a rain shadow effect for the wine regions which lie on the eastern side of the mountains.
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What is the world's southernmost wine region?
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Central Otago, South Island, NZ
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Name 6 major wine regions of the North Island of New Zealand.
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Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa
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Name 4 major wine regions of the South Island of New Zealand.
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Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury, Central Otago
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What distinguishes Waiheke Island from the rest of Auckland?
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It has a sunny, dry climate as opposed to the rainy, maritime climate of the rest of the region.
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What region of New Zealand is the largest producer of red wines?
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Hawke's Bay
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What are Gimblett Gravels?
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Deep shingle soils (sandy loam) found in Hawke's Bay
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What is the world's most easterly wine region?
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Gisborne (aka Poverty Bay)
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Wairarapa is also known as...
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Wellington. It is the region that encompasses Martinborough, and grows Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc.
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What is the soil like in Marlborough?
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Sandy, alluvial loam topsoil over gravel - excellent drainage, limited vigor.
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What is Marlborough's climate like?
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Cool nights, dry lengthy growing season
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What grape is Central Otago best known for?
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Pinot Noir
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What two mountain ranges border the Napa Valley?
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The Mayacamas to the west, the Vaca Mountains to the east
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Which Napa Valley sub-AVA was the first to receive its own appellation?
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Howell Mountain
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Where in the Napa Valley is Pinot Noir heavily planted?
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Carneros, where it is used in still and sparkling wine production
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What are the differences between Cabernet Sauvignon fruit grown on the Napa hillsides and fruit grown on the valley floor?
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Mountain fruit is dense and concentrated with dark fruit and good acid structure. Valley fruit produces more elegant wines with less color.
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What type of soil is characteristic of the Russian River Valley?
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Fertile alluvial soil, such as "Goldridge" sandy loam
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What are Dry Creek Valley and Rockpile known for?
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Ripe, powerful styles of Zinfandel
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What grapes are most prominent in Sonoma's Alexander Valley and Knights Valley AVAs?
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Bordeaux varieties, particularly Cab
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Where are Mendocino's best winegrowing regions located?
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Around the confluence of the Russian and Navarro Rivers, in the southern part of the county
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What is the smallest AVA in America?
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Cole Ranch, Mendocino
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What is grown in Anderson Valley?
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One of America's coolest climates--Riesling, Gewurtz
Classic sparkling varieties (Louis Roederer is here) |
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What grape accounts for more than half the plantings in Monterey AVA?
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Chardonnay
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What grape is prominently grown in the Santa Lucia Highlands?
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Pinot Noir
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What grapes is Paso Robles AVA known for growing?
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Rhone varietals
Gary Eberle planted the first Syrah in California here |
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What is the climate like in Santa Barbara County?
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Cool, maritime, lengthy growing season (longest in California)
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What grapes are grown in Santa Barbara County?
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Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Rhone varietals
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What is the most acclaimed style of wine from the Sierra Foothills?
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Spicy, concentrated Zinfandel
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Willamette Valley's highest elevation vineyards are found in which appellation?
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Chehalem Mountains AVA
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How were the soils of the Willamette Valley formed?
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The Missoula Floods, which erupted as glacial dams melted and refroze at the end of the ice age, deposited alluvial soils known as Willamette Silt.
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What is Jory?
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A well-drained volcanic topsoil derived from basic igneous rock. Dundee Hills AVA is known for Jory soil.
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What are the six sub-AVAs of Willamette Valley from north to south?
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Chehalem Mountains, Ribbon Ridge, Yarnhill-Carlton, Dundee Hills, McMinnville, Eola-Amity Hills
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What is Willakenzie?
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A loam, ash-covered soil found in the Willamette Valley, primarily in Ribbon Ridge AVA
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What differentiates grapes grown in Jory soils and those grown in Willakenzie soils?
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Willakenzie creates a denser, darker wine. Jory wines are more elegant.
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What are the four sub-AVAs of Southern Oregon?
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Umpqua Valley, Rogue Valley, Applegate Valley, Red Hills Douglas County
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What is the climate like in Southern Oregon AVA?
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Warm, dry, sunny
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What percentage of a stated variety must be in an Oregon wine?
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90% (with the exception of BX varieties, major Rhone grapes, Zin, Sangiovese, Tannat, Tempranillo)
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What's the minimum percentage for an AVA-labeled wine in Oregon?
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95%
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What AVAs does Oregon share with other states?
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Columbia Valley (incl Columbia Gorge and Walla Walla Valley, shared with WA)
Snake River Valley (shared with Idaho) |
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What major grapes is the WIllamette Valley known for?
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Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Riesling
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What grapes are grown in Southern Oregon?
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Both warm and cold climate grapes: Syrah, Cab, Pinot Gris, Gewurtz, Chardonnay
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Where are most of Washington's wine-growing areas located?
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East of the Cascades, with the rain shadow
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What is the climate of eastern Washington?
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True continental, hot summers and cold winters, arid -- winter freeze and frost serious concerns
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What is the largest AVA in Washington?
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Columbia Valley AVA -- 11 million acres
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What are Columbia River Valley's sub-AVAs in Washington?
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Red Mountain, Yakima Valley, Walla Walla Valley, Wahluke Slope, Snipes Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills, Lake Chelan, Horse Heaven Hills, Naches Heights
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What is the most planted grape in Yakima Valley?
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Chardonnay
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What is Red Mountain AVA known for and where is it located?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Within the eastern edge of the Yakima Valley, it is Washington's smallest AVA |
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Where is Walla Walla Valley locate and what is it known for?
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The southern border of WA, part of OR
Reputation for premium red wine - Cab, Merlot, Syrah |
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What is the Cape Doctor?
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A strong southeasterly wind that blows across the Western Cape through spring and summer. While it batters the vines it also inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperature.
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What is the most planted white variety in South Africa?
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Steen (Chenin Blanc)
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Pinotage is a cross of what two grapes?
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Cinsault, Pinot Noir
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What is the most widely-planted red grape in South Africa?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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What are the two most planted varieties in Stellenbosch?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc |
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Describe the climate of Stellenbosch.
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Maritime, similar to but warmer than Bordeaux
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Where is Paarl located?
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Inland and north of Stellenbosch in the Coastal Region of South Africa
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What grapes are grown in Paarl?
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Cab, Shiraz, Pinotage, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay
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This was once a Ward of Paarl but is now its own District.
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Franschhoek Valley
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What does "Cap Classique" mean?
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South African traditional method sparkling wines made from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
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What is the southernmost district in South Africa?
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Cape Agulhas
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Where is Constantia located?
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Coastal Region, South Africa
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What percentage of variety and vintage do WO wines contain?
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85%
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What is the percentage rule in Chile?
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75% for vintage, varietal, and DO--however, many wineries use 85% to comply with EU standards
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Wines from Chile must have a minimum alcohol content of...
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11.5%
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What are the two coastal subregions of Aconcagua?
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Casablanca
San Antonio Both predominantly white wine regions, very cool, some Pinot Noir in San Antonio |
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What are Chile's Central Valley subregions from north to south?
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Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley Curico Maule Valley |
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What is Chile's Central Valley DO known for?
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Classic Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon
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From north to south, what are the subregions of Chile's Central Valley DO?
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Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico, Maule Valley
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Maipo Valley is known for what wine?
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Classic Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon, including Concha y Toro's "Don Melchor," Errazuriz's "Vinedo Chadwick," and Rothschild-Concha y Toro's "Almaviva"
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The Rapel Valley is divided into what two subregions?
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Cachapoal
Colchagua Both known for Cabernet, with Carmenere growing in importance |
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What are the three valleys within Chile's Southern Regions DO?
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Itata, Bio Bio - Pais and Muscat de Alexandria
Malleco - a small region of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay |
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What do Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes mean on Chilean wine labels?
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SIgnifies the proximity of the vineyard to the coast or the mountains (at least 85%)
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Where are most Argentinian vineyards located and what is the climate?
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Dry, continental climate - most vineyards are in the west, plains and foothills of the Andes, under a rainshadow effect.
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Argentina's wine regions are divided into what three provinces?
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The northwestern provinces
The central Cuyo provinces The southern Patagonia provinces |
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What is the province of Salta known for?
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Salta, in the north of Argentina, is known for high-altitude Torrontes.
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What are the three wine-producing regions in Cuyo?
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Mendoza
La Rioja San Juan |
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What's up with La Rioja?
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The northernmost province within Cuyo
Torrontes the most cultivated grape, followed by Malbec |
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What's up with San Juan?
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2nd largest wine region in Argentina
Historically devoted to pink-skinned varieties, also Syrah and Bonarda Hot summer climate |
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How is Mendoza divided up?
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Northern, Central (Upper), Southern, and Eastern sectors, and the Uco Valley (a western subregion, home to highest vineyards)
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Describe the soil in Mendoza.
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Loose, alluvial sand over clay
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What is the climate like in Mendoza?
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Desert-like, Zonda wind
Irrigation necessary |
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What are two of the best Mendoza sites for Malbec?
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Lujan de Cuyo
Maipu |
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What grapes besides Malbec are grown in Mendoza?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay and Semillon are grown at high elevation in Uco Valley and Tupungato |
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What white grape is grown in Southern Mendoza?
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Chenin Blanc
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What's up with Patagonia?
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Two provinces: Rio Negro, Neuquen
Cool regions, chalky soils Torrontes, Semillon, some Cab, Merlot, Pinot Noir |
