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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two important winds in Jerez?
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Levante: (southeast) hot, dry, bakes grapes, brings insects
Poniente: (west) humid, fresh |
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What are the three main soils in Jerez?
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Albariza: Chalk, good drainage, retains moisture
Arena: Sandy, higher yields, coastal Barro: Clay, full-bodied coarse wines, valleys |
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What are the three white grapes used to make Sherry?
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Palomino
Pedro Ximenez Moscatel |
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What is a pago?
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An individual vineyard in Jerez
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What is the main training system used in Jerez?
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Vara y Pulgar:
growers prune alternate spurs each year |
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What is the minimum aging requirement for all Sherry?
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3 years
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What are the types of generoso Sherries, and what do they have in common?
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Fino, Amontillado, Manzanilla, Oloroso, Palo Cortado
They are all dry. |
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What are the types of Generoso Liqueur wines and what do they all have in common?
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Pale Cream (Fino), Cream (Oloroso), Medium (Amontillado)
They are all blended with grape must or naturally sweet wines. |
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What are the two types of "naturally sweet" Sherries and how are they made?
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Pedro Ximenez, Moscatel
They are made from sun-dried grapes (soleo) and fortified during fermentation. |
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What are the four white grapes used to make Marsala, and which two are preferred?
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Preferred: Grillo, Inzolia
Catarratto, Damaschino |
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What style of Marsala is made from red grapes, and what are they?
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Rubino
Perricone, Calabrese (Nero d'Avola), Nerello Mascalese |
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What are the sweetness levels of Marsala?
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Secco: max 40 g/l
Semisecco: 40-100 g/l Dolce: min 100 g/l |
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What are the cask aging classifications for Marsala?
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Fine: 1 year
Superiore: 2 years Superiore Riserva: 4 years Vergine: 5 years Vergine Stravecchio: min 10 years |
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What is the main vine-training system in Madeira?
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Pergola, vines suspended on low trellises called "latada" to combat subtropical fungal disease
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What are the four noble grape varieties of Madeira?
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Sercial (Esgana Cao)
Verdelho (Gouveio) Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina) Malmsey (Malvasia Candida) |
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Despite not being one of the four noble grapes, this grape accounts for 80-85% of Madeira's production.
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Tinta Negra Mole
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What is an estufa?
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A stainless steel vat that heats Madeira wine by circulating hot water through coils, a process called "estufagem"
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What is the canteiro process?
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In making Madeira, the best wines are cask-aged for at least 2 years in attics, exposed to the warmth of the sun.
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What is a "Special Reserve" Madeira?
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A multi-vintage blend between 10-15 years old. Often made of a single noble varietal, heated by the Canteiro method.
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What is an "Extra Reserve" Madeira?
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A multi-vintage blend between 15-20 years old.
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What is a Colheita Madeira?
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85% minimum single vintage, aged minimum 5 years before bottling.
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What is a Harvest Madeira?
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Single vintage Madeira, aged from 5-10 years.
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What is a Frasquiera or Garrafeira Madeira?
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Vintage Madeira aged minimum 20 years in cask, produced using Canteiro method, single varietal or blend.
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What is a Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta?
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A rare wine no longer produced, made in the traditional style, undergoing an ocean journey across the equator.
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List the four main varietal styles of Madeira from driest to sweetest.
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Sercial - driest
Verdelho - medium dry Bual - medium sweet Malmsey - sweetest |
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What are the preferred red grapes for Port that must constitute at least 60% of the blend?
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Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Francisca, Bastardo, Mourisco Tinto
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What are some of the preferred white Port grapes?
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Gouvelo, Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Escana Cao, Folgasao
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What is the name of the spirit added to port to arrest fermentation?
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Aguardente - "burning water"
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What is a pipe?
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Traditional barrel used for aging and shipping Port. Varies in size up to 620 liters.
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What is Ruby Port?
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Deeply colored, simple, inexpensive Port. No vintage. Often aged in bulk for 2-3 years.
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What is Ruby Reserve Port?
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Similar to Ruby Port but offers more complexity and character.
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What is Vintage Port?
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The most expensive Port - only 1-3% of production, only made in exceptional years. Aged in cask before bottling by July 30 of the 3rd year after harvest. Develops in bottle for decades.
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What is Single Quinta Vintage Port?
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Product of one estate, one harvest. Made in same process as Vintage Port.
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What is Late-Bottled Vintage Port?
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Spends 4-6 years in cask before bottling. Has some tones of Tawny Port, retains tones of Ruby Port. Most are filtered.
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What is Tawny Port?
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Usually simple, without extensive cask aging - lesser vineyards, vintages, less extraction.
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What is Reserve Tawny?
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Min 7 years age before bottling. Blended from several vintages. Improves with bottle aging.
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What is Tawny with Indication of Age?
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May be 10, 20, 30, 40 years old. Progressively more concentrated, developed. Matured in seasoned wood. 30-40 year olds display rancio.
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What is Colheita Tawny?
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Vintage-dated Port, min 7 years in cask.
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What are the main grapes used in Australian Tawny Port?
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Shiraz, Grenache, Touriga, Mataro, Cab Sauvignon
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What grape is typically used in Australian Vintage Port?
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Shiraz
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What grape is used to make Liqueur Tokay in Australia?
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Muscadelle
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What are the two best-known regions for Liqueur Muscat in Australia?
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Rutherglen
Glenrowan |
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Briefly describe the three general methods of wine fortification.
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1. Port style: spirit added during fermentation, preserving sugars
2. Sherry style: spirit added after fermentation 3. Mistelle style: grape must fortified prior to fermentation |
