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182 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the soils of Priorat.
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Lliocorella: black slate and quartzite
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Describe the soils of Rioja.
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Rioja Alta: Calcareous clay
Rioja Alavesa: Calcareous clay Rioja Baja: Ferruginous clay, alluvial silt |
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Describe the soils of Ribera del Duero.
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Unique blend of schist and chalk
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Describe the soils of Penedes.
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Limestone inland, sand and clay towards coast
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Describe the soils of Tuscany.
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Galestro: rocky, schistous soil in best vineyards
Gravel, limestone, and clay |
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Describe the soils of Piedmont.
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Calcareous marl with some sand and clay
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Describe the soils of the Rheinhessen.
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Red slate in best vineyards
Loess and marl |
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Describe the soils of the Rheingau.
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Slate and quartzite
Blue slate around Assmanshausen |
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Describe the soils of the Mosel.
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Slate and limestone
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Describe the soils of Tokaj.
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Volcanic, clay, and loess
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Describe the soils of Alsace.
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Most complex in all of France
Siliceous in mountains, limestone in hills, alluvium in plains |
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Describe the soils of Pays Nantais.
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Sand and clay over granite
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Describe the soils of Anjou-Saumur.
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Slate, schist and sandstone in the west
Tuffeau in the east |
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Describe the soils of Touraine.
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Tuffeau, clay, and sandy alluvium (called Varennes)
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Describe the soils of the Central Vineyards.
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Silex: flinty limestone
Terres blanches: Kimmeridgian clay Caillottes: chalky stone |
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Describe the soils of Champagne.
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Chalk, high in lime content
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Describe the soils of the Northern Rhone.
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Granite and schist
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Describe the soils of the Southern Rhone.
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Limestone, clay, sand
Galets or "pudding stones" - quartzite |
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Describe the soils of the Cotes de Nuits.
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Limestone
Marl, sand, red clay |
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Describe the soils of the Cotes de Beaune.
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Limestone
Iron, flinty clay, marl |
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Describe the soils of Chablis.
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Kimmeridgian and Portlandian limestone
Calcareous clay |
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Describe the climate of Hungary.
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Continental
Short cold winters, hot summers Sunny and dry Long autumns, moisture for NR |
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Describe the climate of Tuscany.
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Mediterranean/Continental
Mild winters, long dry summers Heat and lack of rain are concerns |
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Describe the climate of Piedmont.
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Continental
Severe winters, hot summers Long autumns Fog |
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Describe the climate of the Mosel.
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Continental
Moderate rainfall |
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Describe the climate of the Rheinhessen.
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Continental
Tempered by Taunus hills and Odenwald forest |
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Describe the climate of the Rheingau.
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Continental
Tempered by Taunus Mountains and the Rhein river Above-average sunshine May-Oct |
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Describe the climate of the Cote d'Or.
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Continental
Short warm summers, cold frosty winters, extreme temp variations "La Bise" - beneficial north wind |
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Describe the climate of Chablis.
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Semi-continental, limited Atlantic influence
Long cold winter, humid spring, hot sunny summer |
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Describe the climate of Champagne.
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Cold continental, greatly influenced by the Atlantic
Cool summers, spring frost, winter freeze |
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Describe the climate of the Northern Rhone.
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Southern Continental, Mediterranean influence
Warm summers, cold winters Mistral |
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Describe the climate of the Southern Rhone.
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Mediterranean
Sunny, less rainfall than north Violent summer storms Mistral |
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Describe the climate of Alsace.
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Continental
Rainshadow effect of Vosge Mtns |
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Describe the climate of Pays Nantais.
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Maritime
Mild and damp, some harsh winters Warm sunny summers, some rain |
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Describe the climate of Anjou-Saumur.
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Maritime - Continental
Light rainfall, warm summers, mild autumns |
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Describe the climate of Touraine.
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Maritime - Continental
Warm summers, low rainfall Protected from cold winds by the Coteaux du Loir |
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Describe the climate of the Central Vineyards.
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Continental
Short, hot summers and long, cold winters Spring frosts and hail |
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Describe the climate of the Medoc.
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Maritime
Heat regulated by the Atlantic and the Gironde estuary Mild, warm, sunny |
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Describe the climate of Graves.
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Maritime
Mild and humid Autumn mists (noble rot) |
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Describe the climate of the Libournais.
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Continental - Maritime
Rainy springs |
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Describe the climate of Entre-Deux-Mers.
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Maritime
More rain than the Medoc Prone to flooding |
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What are the 13 grape varieties permitted in Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
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Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Counoise, Bourbolenc, Clairette, Muscardin, Picardin, Picpoul, Terret Noir, Rousanne, Vaccarese
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What percentage of Viognier is permitted in a Cote-Rotie?
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20%
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Name the two single-estate (monopole) appellations in France.
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Chateau Grillet
Romanee-Conti |
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What percentage of grapes other than Syrah are permitted in Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage, and what are they?
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15% Marsanne and Roussanne
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What percentage of white grapes are permitted in St-Joseph, and what are they?
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10% Marsanne and Roussanne
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What percentage of white grapes are allowed in Cotes du Rhone AOC wines, and what percentage is allowed in Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC?
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5% for Cotes du Rhone
20% for Cotes du Rhone Villages |
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Which Northern Rhone AOC's red wines are 100% Syrah?
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Cornas
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What grape varieties are allowed in Saint Peray AOC?
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Marsanne
Roussanne |
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What appellation in the Northern Rhone also makes a vin de paille?
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Hermitage
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What occured in Italy in 1963 that eventually improved the quality of wine?
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The DOC laws were put in place, proposed by Paolo Desana.
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Who is Giovanni Goria?
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Creator of the Goria Laws, passed in 1992, which updated the original Italian 1963 laws and added the IGT category.
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What are the four levels of wine in Italy?
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VdT - Vino da Tavola
IGT - Indicazione Geografica Tipica DOC - Denominazione di Origine Controllata DOCG - Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita |
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What are typical vine training techniques in Piedmont?
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Spalliera
Double guyot |
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What are the aging requirements for Barolo and Barolo Riserva?
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Barolo: 38 months, 18 months in wood
Riserva: 62 months, 18 months in wood |
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Name the 6 major Barolo communes.
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Barolo, La Morra, Verduno, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d'Alba, Monforte d'Alba
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What is Barolo Chinato?
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A digestif made by steeping cinchona tree bark in Barolo, and adding other botanical ingredients
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What are the three main villages in the Barbaresco region?
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Barbaresco, Treiso, Neive
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What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco and Barbaresco Riserva?
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Barbaresco: 26 months, 9 months in wood
Riserva: 50 months, 9 months in wood |
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What northern Italian DOCG is famous for its Arneis whites?
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Roero DOCG
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Besides Barolo and Barbaresco, name two other DOCGs that make Nebbiolo-based reds.
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Ghemme DOCG
Gattinara DOCG |
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What method is used to create Asti sparkling wines?
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Charmat (tank) method
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Name 3 Piedmont DOCGs that make still white wines.
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Cortese di Gavi DOCG
Arneis di Roero DOCG Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG |
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What is Chiavennasca?
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Synonym for Nebbiolo used in Lombardy
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What method is used to make Franciacorta sparkling wine?
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Traditional method
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How is Sfortzato di Valtellina made?
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Sfortzato, which literally means "strained," is made with dried grapes and is vinified dry, similar to Amarone.
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What are the three major regions of northeast Italy (the Tre Venezie)?
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Friuli-Venezia-Giulia
Veneto Trentino-Alto Adige |
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Where can you sometimes find German names and QbA designations on wines in Italy?
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Alto Adige, or Suditrol
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What is the difference between Amarone and Recioto della Valpolicella?
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Amarone is fermented to dryness, while Recioto is left sweet.
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What are the two main grapes used in Amarone and Recioto della Valpolicella?
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Corvina, 45-95%
Rondinella, 5-30% |
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What are the aging requirements for Amarone della Valpolicella and Riserva?
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Amarone: Minimum 2 years
Riserva: Minimum 4 years |
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What is the main grape in Soave and what is the required percentage?
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Garganega, 70%
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Name the two DOCGs that make Prosecco.
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Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG
Asolo Prosecco DOCG |
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What is another name for the Prosecco grape, and why would you see it on a label?
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Glera
If the wine is not at DOC level, "Glera" must be used instead of "Prosecco." |
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Most Friulian white wines have a typical style. What is it?
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Crisp, clean, aromatic, and fruit-driven, designed for youthful consumption.
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What unusual style of wine is made in Friuli using the Ribollo Gialla grape?
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"Orange" wines, an ancient Slavic style using lengthy skin contact and aged in amphorae
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What is Lambrusco from Emilia-Romagna famously paired with?
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Cured meats (salumi), especially Prosciutto
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What was the first white wine to be awarded DOCG status?
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Albana di Romagna DOCG, in Emilia-Romagna
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What are some of the characteristics of the Sangiovese grape?
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Early budding, late ripening
Thin skins, medium color and tannin, high acidity Susceptible to rot, unstable growth |
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Who is Bettino di Ricasoli?
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Bettino di Ricasoli created the blending recipe for Chianti: 70% Sangiovese, 15% Canaiolo, 15% Malvasia Bianca.
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What are the 7 sub-zones of Chianti?
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Chianti Classico DOCG, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Senesi, Colli Aretini, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli, Rufina
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What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico and Riserva?
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Classico: 1 year
Riserva: 2 years, 3 months in bottle |
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What differentiates the soil in Brunello di Montalcino from the soil in Chianti?
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Brunello area is rockier, with less fertile soils and more limestone
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What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino and Riserva?
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Brunello: 2 years in wood, 4 months in bottle - 5 years after harvest before release
Riserva: 2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle - 6 years after harvest before release |
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What grape(s) can be used in Brunello di Montalcino?
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100% Sangoivese
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What is Prugnolo Gentile?
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Clone of Sangiovese used in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
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What percentage of Sangiovese (Prugnolo Gentile) is required in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
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70% minimum
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What Tuscan wine was the first to receive DOC status?
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Vernaccia di San Gimignano
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How is Vin Santo produced?
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Grapes are dried on racks
Fermentation and maturation extremely slow - 3-8 years Oxidation is normal |
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What are the two grapes most common in Vin Santo?
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Trebbiano and Malvasia
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What percentage of Sangiovese is required in Carmignano DOCG wines?
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50% minimum
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What was Tuscany's first famous "Super-Tuscan" and what international grapes were used?
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Sassicaia
Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc |
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What was the second famous "Super-Tuscan" and what was the grape blend?
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Tignanello
80% Sangiovese 20% Cabernet Sauvignon |
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What is another name for Chenin Blanc used in the Loire?
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Pineau de la Loire
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What is another name for Cabernet Franc used in the Loire?
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Breton
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What is another name for Malbec used in the Loire?
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Cot
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True or false:
Muscadet sur Lie wines are racked and filtered before bottling. |
False
Wines are bottled directly off the lees. |
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Which two Pays Nantais AOCs make reds and roses, as well as whites?
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Fiefs Vendeens
Coteaux d'Ancenis |
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In Anjou-Saumur, the best vineyards are generally situated where?
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South of the Loire river
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What is the main grape in Rose d'Anjou?
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Grolleau
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What famous Chenin Blanc appellation lies on the northern bank of the Loire river in Anjou-Saumur?
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Savennieres
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What style of wine is produced in Bonnezeaux?
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Sweet dessert wine made from botrytis-affected Chenin Blanc grapes
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What style of wine is produced in Coteaux du Layon?
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Sweet white wines made from extremely ripe grapes, that are sometimes botrytis affected
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This easternmost Anjou-Saumur appellation is known for high-quality red wines made from Cabernet Franc.
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Saumur-Champigny
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Besides Chenin Blanc, what other grape variety is allowed in Vouvray?
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Arbois, 5% maximum
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What stylistically differentiates the wines of St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil from the wines of Bourgueil?
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St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil wines tend to be lighter and have more finesse.
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What two rival Chenin Blanc appellations in Touraine face each other across the river?
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Vouvray - north bank
Montlouis-sur-Loire - south bank |
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What plant affliction do growers have to deal with in the Central Vineyards of the Loire?
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Chlorosis (insufficient chlorophyll, yellowing of leaves)
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True or false:
Sancerre only makes white wines. |
False
Small amounts of red and rose are made from Pinot Noir. |
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True or false:
Pouilly-Fume only makes white wines. |
True
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What style of wine is made in Quincy?
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Dry, full-bodied Sauvignon Blanc
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What grape is Pouilly-sur-Loire known for?
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Chasselas (blended with Sauvignon Blanc)
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Who is Didier Dagueneau?
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Dagueneau was an innovative and provocative winemaker in Pouilly-Fume who pushed the quality of wines in the region.
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When did the Benedictine monks found the Abbey of Cluny?
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910 AD
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When did the Cistercian Monks found the abbey of Citeaux?
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1098 AD
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When did the Valois Dukes rule Burgundy?
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1363-1477
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What did the Valois Duke Phillip the Bold decree in 1395?
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He outlawed Gamay, which was uprooted and replaced with Pinot Noir.
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What is the major difference in how Grand Crus/Premiers Crus are designated in Bordeaux and Burgundy?
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In Bordeaux, the producers are awarded the status, while in Burgundy the vineyards themselves are designated.
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What is a negociant?
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A negociant purchases wine, juice, or grape must and bottles it under their own label or brand.
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What is a negociant-eleveur?
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A wine merchant who buys grapes or wines, then ages, blends, and bottles them under his own label.
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What is a proprietaire-recoltant?
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An individual grower that makes his own wine
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What does "mis en bouteilles au domaine" mean?
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Bottled at the Domaine
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What is a monopole?
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A vineyard area owned by a single winery
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Only one Grand Cru white wine is produced in the Cotes de Nuits. What is the AOC and who is the producer?
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Musigny AOC
Comte Georges de Vogue |
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What are the 7 Grand Crus of Chablis?
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Les Clos, Blanchots, Bougros, Vaudesir, Valmur, Preuses, Grenouilles
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Which Cotes de Nuits AOC was upgraded from Premier to Grand Cru in 1992?
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La Grand Rue AOC
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Name three of the best Premier Crus in Meursault.
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Les Perrieres
Les Genevrieres Charmes |
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What are the stylistic differences between Puligny-Montrachet and Meursault whites?
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Meursault is full-bodied and rich, while Montrachet is steelier and leaner. There is a subtle difference in the limestone of each area.
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What grape is grown in Bouzeron?
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Aligote
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What is the only Grand Cru red in the Cotes de Beaune?
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Grand Cru Le Corton, in Aloxe-Corton
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What are the differences in technique used to make Cru Beaujolais as opposed to Beaujolais Nouveau?
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Cru wines use traditional maceration, while Nouveau wines use carbonic maceration. Cru wines are usually oaked.
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From north to south, what are the 10 Crus of Beaujolais?
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St Amour, Julienas, Chenas, Moulin-a-Vent, Fleurie, Chiroubles, Morgon, Regnie, Brouilly, Cote-de-Brouilly
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What's the difference in soil and topography between northern and southern Beaujolais?
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The south is flat with clay-based soils, while the north is granite-based and mountainous.
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Describe the soils in Bordeaux.
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Rich alluvium near the riverbanks
Clay, limestone and sand on the hillsides Gravel (quartz over marl) especially found on the left bank |
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What are the five major red grapes in Bordeaux?
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Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot
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What are the three major white grape varieties in Bordeaux?
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Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc Muscadelle |
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What is another name for Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux?
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Bouchet
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True or false:
Muscadelle is related to the Muscat family of grapes. |
False
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What is another name for Malbec in Bordeaux?
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Pressac
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Why is Chateau Cantemerle significant in Bordeaux history?
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It did not appear in the original 1855 Bordeaux classification, with much controversy. It was included as a 5th growth in 1856.
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What makes Chateau Mouton-Rothschild important in Bordeaux history?
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After years of campaigning by Baron Phillippe de Rotschild, the Chateau was elevated from 2nd to 1st growth in 1973, the only one to do so.
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Place these AOCs and the styles they are known for: Lirac, Listrac, Loupiac.
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Lirac: Southern Rhone, Grenache-blend Rose
Listrac: Medoc, Left Bank Bordeaux red blends Loupiac: Entre-Deux-Mers, sweet botrytized white wines |
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What 2 grapes must combine for at least 60% of the blend in a Fitou wine?
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Carignan and Grenache
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What are the two sub-regions of Fitou, and where are they located in relation to one another?
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Fitou Maritime is coastal
Fitou Montagneux is inland |
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What vinification technique is Corbieres known for?
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Carbonic maceration
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What is methode ancestrale?
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A sparkling wine method in which secondary bottle fermentation is arrested over the winter and continues in the spring. No disgorgement makes the wines cloudy.
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What's the main grape variety in Bandol and where is it located?
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Mourvedre
Provence |
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What's the main grape variety in Corbieres and where is it located?
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Carignan
Languedoc |
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What's the main grape variety in Cahors and where is it located?
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Malbec (aka Cot)
Southwest France |
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What is the synonym for Chenin Blanc in the Loire?
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Pineau de la Loire
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What is the synonym for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
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Steen
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What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc in the Loire?
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Breton
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What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux?
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Bouchet
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What is the synonym for Ugni Blanc in Italy?
|
Trebbiano
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What is the synonym for Nebbiolo in Lombardy?
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Chiavennasca
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Muller-Thurgau is a cross of what two grapes?
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Riesling and Sylvaner
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What is the synonym for Mourvedre in Spain?
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Monastrell
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What is the synonym for Macabeo in Rioja?
|
Viura
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Portugal has a famous long trading history with what nation?
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Great Britain
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What is sometimes referred to as the "Port Wine Treaty?"
|
The Methuen Treaty of 1703 - lessened duty on Portuguese wines imported into Britain, popularizing port throughout the country
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What is the soil type in Vinho Verde?
|
Granite
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What is the climate of Vinho Verde?
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Maritime - hot summers, wet winters
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What is the soil type in Douro DOC?
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Schist and granite
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What is the soil type in Dao DOC?
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Granite
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What grape must be at least 20% of the blend in a Dao DOC red wine?
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Touriga Nacional
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What is the soil type in Bairrada DOC?
|
Clay - "Bairro" means clay in Portuguese
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What grape must be at least 50% of the blend in a Bairrada DOC red wine?
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Baga
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What is the soil type in Colares DOC, and what makes it special?
|
Sand - soils here are phylloxera-free
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What is the soil type in Colares DOC, and what makes it special?
|
Sand - soils here are phylloxera-free
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Name the 4 satellite appellations of St-Emilion.
|
Lassac-St Emilion
Puisseguin-St Emilion Montagne-St Emilion St George-St Emilion |
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What does St-Emilion Grand Cru mean?
|
Wine has additional 0.5% alcohol and a longer elevage period than other St-Emilion wines
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Name 5 of the best producers in Pomerol.
|
Ch Petrus
Vieux-Ch-Certan Ch Lafleur Ch Le Pin Ch Trotanoy |
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Name the 10 appellations or "crus" or Beaujolais.
|
Brouilly, Cote de Brouilly, Chenas, Chiroubles, Fleurie, Julienas, Morgon, Moulin-a-Vent, Regnie, Saint-Amour
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What appellation in the Cote de Nuits produces white wine?
|
Musigny, in Chambolle-Musigny
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What are the Grand Cru Appellations of Gevrey-Chambertin?
|
Mazis-Chambertin
Ruchottes-Chambertin Chambertin Clos de Beze Chapelle-Chambertin Griotte-Chambertin Chambertin Charmes-Chambertin Latricieres-Chambertin Mazoyeres-Chambertin |
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Name the Grand Cru AOPs of Morey-St-Denis.
|
Clos de la Roche
Clos Saint-Denis Clos des Lambrays Clos de Tart |
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What are the Grand Cru appellations in Flagey-Echezeaux?
|
Echezeaux
Grands-Echezeaux |
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What are the Grand Cru appellations in Vosne-Romanee?
|
Richebourg
Romanee-St-Vivant Romanee-Conti La Romanee La Grande Rue La Tache |
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What Grand Cru appellation is shared between Morey-St-Denis and Chambolle-Musigny?
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Bonnes Mares
|
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In Spain, what does en vaso mean?
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Gobelet trained
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In Spain, what does en cabeza mean?
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Vine head is low to the ground to keep cool, best for arid climate
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In Spain, what does en cabeza mean?
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Vine head is low to the ground to keep cool, best for arid climate
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