Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where would you perform a procedure to get pleural exudate out of the pleural cavity?
|
Costodiagphragmatic recess
|
|
|
What germ layer is the lung bud formed from around the 25th day?
|
Lining is endoderm, rest is mesoderm
|
|
|
Where and how do the lung bud form from?
|
A groove forms in the floor of the foregut. This groove is called the respiratory diverticulum (separates the trachea from the esophagus) and develops two globular buds, called lung buds.
|
|
|
When lung buds develop, are they in their correct position in relation to the heart?
|
No, lung buds form posterior to the heart.
|
|
|
What is tracheal aplasia?
|
Trachea fails to separate from esophagus.
|
|
|
What is esophageal atresia?
|
Esophagus fails to keep up with the lengthening of the baby and is not connected to stomach. Baby can't swallow (has polyhydramnios in utero).
|
|
|
What is the most common congenital defect of the lower respiratory tract?
|
Esophageotracheal fistula. May be caused by incomplete separation by the respiratory diverticulum OR by a secondary connection.
|
|
|
If a baby is born prematurely (before 24 weeks), they will die of respiratory causes. What are three things that contribute to this?
|
-No surfactant (primary)
-Simple cuboidal (not simple squamous) cells lining aveoli -Too much distance between capillaries and alveoli. |
|
|
What produces surfactant?
|
Type II cells in the lungs
|
|
|
When are alveoli completely developed?
|
Alveoli cont to develop throughout first 8 years of life!
|
|
|
What causes pulmonary hypoplasia?
|
-Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
-Eventration (protrusion) of diaphragm/abdominal organs 2/2 inadequate muscle development -Oligohydramnios |
|
|
What is the "cupula" in the lung?
|
The cupula is the portion of the apex of the cervical pleura that protrudes above the first rib.
|
|
|
Which layer of pleura can you NOT remove from the lung?
|
Visceral pleura
|
|
|
From the lateral or posterior view, which ribs does the parietal pleura cross at the 1) midclavicular line, 2) mid-axillary line, and 3) the lateral neck? Where is the lung at these landmarks?
|
1) 8th rib
2) 10th rib 3) 12th rib -Lung is located 2 costal levels higher. |
|
|
Where would you take advantage of the sternal notch in order to perform a pericardiocentesis?
|
5th left ICS near sternum. Insert posterosuperiorly.
|
|
|
What is the pulmonary ligament?
|
The pulmonary ligament is like a baggy sleeve of pleura hanging down from the root of each lung.
|
|
|
What are the pleural recesses?
|
-Costodiaphragmatics (useful to perform liver bx).
-Costomediastinals (left side larger). |
|
|
What is a pneumothorax? A hydrothorax? A hemothorax?
|
Air entering pleural cavity. Liquid entering (eg pleural effusion). Blood entering.
|
|
|
What is pleuritis or pleurisy?
|
Inflammation of the pleura
|
|
|
What is poudrage?
|
Talc to create an adhesion between layers of pleura in patients who experience recurrent pneumothorax.
|
|
|
What are the 4 embryological strutures that make up the diaphragm?
|
-Septum transversum
-Pleuroperitoneal membranes -Dorsal mesentery of esophagus -Muscular growth from lateral body walls. |
|
|
What forms the central tendon of the diaphragm?
|
The septum transversum
|
|
|
How does the phrenic nerve (CN 3-5) get all the way down into the diaphragm?
|
Myoblasts from somites migrate into the developing diaphragm and bring the phrenic with them.
|
