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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are there membrane bound organelles within the cell?
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There are membrane bound organelles within the cell to increase active cell membrane area.
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Are mitochondria inherited from the mother or the father?
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Mitochondria are maternally inherited.
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What occurs in mitochondria? (Lots)
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Oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, steps in steroid hormone synthesis, Ca++ storage, initiation of apoptosis.
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What is the difference between the outer membrane and the inner membrane in the mitochondria?
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The outer membrane is permeable to small molecules and water. The inner membrane is impermeable to most small molecules and ions. It requires ion pumps and transport systems.
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What do mitochondria with tubular christae do?
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They synthesize hormones.
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How do proteins that are needed in the mitochondria get inside?
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Signal proteins.
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What is the phospholipid that makes up the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
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Cardiolipin
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What is the pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of the mitochondria
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Porin
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What is included in the matrix of the mitochondrion? (Lots!)
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-soluble enzymes of the citric acid cycle
-enzymes involved in beta-acid oxidation -closed circular double-stranded mitochondrial DNA -rRNA -tRNA -mRNA -enzymes to synthesize mitochondrial proteins |
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Where are mitochondrial proteins coded for and synthesized?
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Mostly the nucleas DNA codes for mitochondrial proteins that are synthesized in the cytoplasm. However a small number of mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized within the mitochondria.
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How do mitochondria proliferate?
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By organelle divisions (fission).
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Besides other functions, what do peroxisomes have to do with beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
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They shorten very long carbon chains in fatty acids.
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What is one disorder of the peroxisomal enzymes?
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Zellweger
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What is the function of the highly glycosylated proteins on the inner surface of the lysosomes?
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They protect the proteins from digestion by the hydrolytic enzymes.
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Where are lysosomal membrane proteins synthesized?
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rER and sorted by the Golgi.
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What type of cell contains lipofuscin?
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Lysosomes
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What do lysosomes do?
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-Degrade organelles
-Digest materials taken into cell -Resorption of bone -Tissue remodeling |
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What is clathrin-dependent endocytosis?
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Receptor mediated endocytosis in which vesicles are coated with clathrin and surround the receptor-ligand complex to import it into the cell.
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What is the fate of cells marked with ubiquitin?
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They are digested by proteasomes.
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