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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the plasma membrane do? (2 things)
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-Lets things into or out of the cell.
-Transmits signals across/along surface |
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What happens in the nucleus?
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Protects, replicates, synthesizes and expresses genetic material (DNA).
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What cell organelles have two unit membranes?
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Nucleus, mitochondria
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Heterochromatin vs euchromatin: density of staining? Actively being transcribed?
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Heterochromatin- densely staining, less active
Euchromatin- less intense staining, actively being transcribed |
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What protein are microtubules made of?
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tubulin
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What supports the force generating components of cilia and flagella?
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Microtubules
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What component of the cytoskeleton forms the mitotic apparatus?
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Microtubules
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What are basal bodies?
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The location where cilia are anchored
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What protein makes up microfilaments?
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actin
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What do ribosomes do? Visible under light microscope?
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Make proteins. No, too small but can see darkly stained regions where ribosomes are concentrated.
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What does it do?
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Branching, interconnected tubules. Enclose a space inside (ER lumen).
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What does smooth ER do?
(Lots!) |
-Synthesizes steroid hormones
-Detoxifies lipid-soluble drugs -uses P450 enzmes to convert water insoluble drugs into compounds more water soluble -synthesizes lipids for lipoproteins and phospholipids -involved in glucose metabolism and storage -stores Ca2+ and keep it separate from the rest of the cell. -(Sarcoplasm) Can release Ca2+ from skeletal and cardiac muscle cells |
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What does the Golgo apparatus do?
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-carbohydrate synthesis
-post translational modification of proteins (glycosylation, phosphorylation, sulfation) - |
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What are the regions of the Golgi apparatus?
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cis-Golgi network - medial Golgi cisternae - trans-Golgi cisterna - trans-Golgi network
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What happens to the products coming out of the Golgi apparatus?
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-some go to cell surface
-some go to lysosomes -some go to cytoplasm to be stored in vesicles (secretory proteins, neurotransmitters) |
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What cell type does not have mitochondria?
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RBC's
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What do mitochondria do?
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-transform chemical energy into ATP
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What cell organelle is "flexible, mobile, and self-replicating?"
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Mitochondria
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What do lysosomes do?
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Major digestive organelles of the cell.
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Do lysosomes have a single or a double unit membrane?
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Single unit membrane
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What kind of environment exists inside a lysosomes?
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Acidic, pH around 5. Maintained using Na+/K+ pump.
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Do peroxisomes have a single or double unit membrane?
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Single unit membrane.
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What do peroxisomes do?
(Lots!) |
-detoxify substances
-degrade certain lipids -oxidize organic substates, producing hydrogen peroxide in the process (toxic) -convert hydrogen peroxide (formed above as well as through other cellular activities) into water and oxygen |
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Where are peroxisomal enzymes synthesized?
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On cytoplasmic ribosomes (hanging out in the cytoplasm)
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What organelles are surrounded by a single unit membrane?
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Lysosomes and peroxisomes
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What is the "brush border?"
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Microvilli- they're too small to resolve under a light microscope so the edges just appear fuzzy.
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Where are microvilli found?
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Small intestine and kidney
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The proteins that are permanent components of the cytoplasmic ribosomes in eucaryotic cells are made where?
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By ribosomes in the cytoplasm that are not bound to rER
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What can you tell about a region on the plasma membrane that has most of the proteins?
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That area is the enzymatically active area on the plasma membrane.
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What cytoskeleton component forms the mitotic spindle?
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Microtubules
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What cytoskeleton component forms the flagella?
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Microtubules
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These proteins make up which component of the cytoskeleton:
keratins, vimentin, desmin? |
The intermediate filaments
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Which stain (H&E) is responsible for the blue color?
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Hemetoxalin
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Which stain (H&E) is responsible for the pink color?
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Eosin
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What organellle does Dr. Borst mean by "lavender cytoplasm?"
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rER
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Why isn't the Golgi apparatus stained by H&E dye?
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H&E doesn't stain membranes.
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What does it mean when a cell has elongated mitochondria and an infolding of the plasma membrane?
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The cell probably is responsible for pumping ions into and out of the cell.
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