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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Keratin
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An intermediate filament protein type, found in epithelial cells.
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Saltatory Organelle Movement
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Using microtubules, mitochondria, lysosomes, secretory granules, and other membrane-bound organelles move around inside cells in this manner. Fast axonal transport in neurons is a dramatic example of this type of microtubule-dependent movement.
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Kinesin
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One of a family of ATPase motor proteins similar in function to dynein; binds reversibly to organelles and mediates their movement along the microtubules (anterograde in neurons).
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Dynein
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An ATPase that functions as a molecular motor. Retrograde in the neuron as well as the arms that create movement in cilia/flagella.
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Flagella
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Usually longer than cilia, and there is usually only one flagellum per cell (e.g., spermatozoa). Flagella act to propel a cell through a fluid medium. Both cilia and flagella have the same complex, highly-ordered internal structure.
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Axoneme
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The core of cilia or flagella; consists of a circle of 9 microtubule doublets, each consisting of a complete and an incomplete microtubule joined together. In addition, two individual microtubules are found in the center of the circle (9+2 structure).
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Myosin
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Force-generating enzymes that produce movement through the hydrolysis of ATP
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Lamins
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A family of proteins that form a matrix on the interior surface of the nuclear envelope. Phosphorylation can cause disassembly as during mitosis.
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Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)
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Some form side-arms (dynein) that extend from the microtubule. These MAPs may alter stability of the polymers in cells and crosslink the microtubules with other cytoskeletal elements in the cells.
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Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)
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The assembly of microtubules in vivo is usually directed by the MTOC. The centrioles of the mitotic apparatus and the basal bodies of cilia and flagella are examples. Distinct types of tubulin (gamma-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin) are associated with MTOCs.
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