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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A machine that performs four basic operations: input, processing, output, storage
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Computer
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A collection of related components that have been designed to work together
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Computer System
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the physical components of a computer
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hardware
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A list of functions that tells the computer that tells the computer how to perform the four operations in the information processing cycle to perform a task.
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Program
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includes all the programs that give the computer its instructions
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Software
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Consists of all programs you can use to perform a task
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Application software
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In this function, the computer accepts data
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Input
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refers to unorganized, raw, facts
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Data
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these enable you to enter data into the the cmputer for processing
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Input devices
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data that has been simplified and organized in a way that people can use
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Information
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the computer's processing circuity,performs operations ont he output data. Referred to as the "brain" of the computer
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CPU
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this temporarily stores the programs and data with which the CPU interacts
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RAM (Random Access Memory)
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in this process, the computer provides the results of the processing information in a way that people can understand.
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Output
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the computer saves the results of processing to be used again later
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Storage
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the fifth operation in the information processing cycle, involves moving data within a computer or between computers
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Communications
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enables a computer to connect to a computer network
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Communication devices
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a group of two or more computer systems connected together, usually for the pupose of sharing input/output devices and other resources
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Network
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a communication device that enables the computer to access other computers and the internet via telephone lines, cable, and wireless connections
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Modem
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designed to meet the computing needs of an individual. They include Apple's Macintosh and the more numerous IBM compatible computers
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PC (Personal computer)
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Why are some pc's called IBM compatible?
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because the first computers were made by IBM
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Designed for use at a desk or an office enviornment. This is a personal computer that runs programs to help individuals accomplish their work more productivley and to gain access to the internet
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desktop computer
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Who of the leading producer of desktop computers?
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DELL
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small enough to fit into a breifcase and is portable because many people need it to travel with them.
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notebook computers
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these are a bit larger than notebooks, they can not fit into a breifcase
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Laptop computers
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notebook computers that omit some components (such as CD drive) to cut down in weight or size.
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Subnotebook
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Who are the leading producers of notebooks?
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Dell's Inspiron Series, Toshiba's Satellite and Tecra series, IBM's thinkpad, and Apple's iBook.
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What are the most popular laptop computers?
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IBM
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a type of notebook computer that has an LCD screen that the user can write on using a special purpose pen or sylus.
The user's handwriting is converted into text, or can be left hand-written. |
tablet PC
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sometimes called hand-held computers, pack much of a notebook's power into a much lighter package and lower price. Include built-in software for scheduling appointments and sending a receiving e-mail.
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Personal Digital Assistants
PDA |
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essentially a moniter with everything else built in. The only external devices are a keyboard and mouse. This design might be the wave of the future.
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all-in-one computers
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provide much of a personal computer's functionality but at a lower price. These computers are designed to connect to a network, such as the internet. Able to acheive much of the hold in the market place.
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Network computers and internet appliances
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powerful tools for engineers, architects,circuit designers,financial analysts and other professionals who need exceptionally powerful processing and output capabilities.
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Professional Workstations
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are computers that make programs and data available to people who are connected to a computer network. Not designed for for individual use and are typicallt centralized from one location
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Servers
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users connect to servers using these. They are usually desktops, notebooks, work stations, or any other computer for an individual, to contact the server and obain the needed information.
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Clients
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mid-size computers that handle the computing needs of a smaller corporation or organization. They enable a wide range of users to connect to them simultaneously through PC's or terminals
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minicomputers or mid-range servers.
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computers that lack processing capabilities
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Terminals
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designed to handle huge processing jobs in large corporations or government agancies
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Mainframes
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are ultra-fast computers that process large amounts of scientific data and then display the underlying patterns that have been discovered in the data
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Supercomputer
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the disparity in computer ownership and internet accessis known as the
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Digital Divide
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this type of injury is caused by repeated motions that damage senstive nerve tissue in the hands, wrists, and arms. Sometimes these injuries require surgery
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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it means that the product matches the best posture for the human body
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ergonomic
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deals with computer related moral dilemmas and defines ethical priciples for computing professionals
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Computer Ethics
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the use of computers and computer programs to replace teachers and the time- place specifity of learning
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E-learning
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the replacement of human workers by machines. Technology has been eliminating jobs through this.
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Automation
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this results when advancing technology makes an entire job category obsolete.
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Structural Unemployment
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uses cables, radio waves,or infrared signals to link computers or periphals, such as printers,within a small geographic area, such as a building or group of buildings
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Local Area Network
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uses long-distance transmission media to link computers seperated by few miles or even thousands of miles.
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Wide Area Network
ex:internet, connects millions of LAN's throughout the globe |
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are expansion boards that fit into a computer's expansion slots. These are contained in the workstations
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NIC-Network Interface Cards
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any work station or peripheral that is connected to the network
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Node
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The physical layout of a LAN is called its
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topology
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is divided into layers, each of which has a function separate from that of the other layers.
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the network design
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most networks contain these. They are high-capacity, high-speed computers, with large hard disks
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File Servers
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this occurs when two workstations try to access a LAN
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contention
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What are the advantages of Networks?
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-Reduced hardware costs
-Application sharing -Sharing information resources -Centralized data management -Connecting people |
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What are the disadvantages of networks?
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Loss of autonomy
-Lack of privacy -Security threats -Loss of productivity |
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are fixed, formalized standards that specify how computers can communicate over a network.
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protocols
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is the total package of protocols that specify how a network functions.
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protocol suite
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are communications standards to which modems conform.
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modulation protocols
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is the rate at which two modems can exchange data. It is measured in bits per second (bps).
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data transfer rate
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A modulation protocol called ______ enables modems to transfer data at 56 Kbps.
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V.90
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is the overall design of a network.
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network architecture
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is the vertical (top to bottom) arrangement of the layers; each layer is governed by its own set of protocols.
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protocol stack
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Ethernet – standard for large and small business
LocalTalk – simplest LAN technology IBM Token Ring Network |
LAN technologies
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Wireless-fidelity
Wireless LAN Uses a central server or access point |
Wi-Fi
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What are the advantages of Wi-Fi?
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Fast (11 Mbps)
Reliable Long range Integrates with existing networks |
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WAN contain long-distance trunk lines called
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backbones
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WAN have a local access number called a
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point of presence (POP)
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high-capacity transmission lines, can be regional, continental, or transcontinental.
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Backbones
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can carry 2.5 gigabites of data per second
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Internet backbones
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is the oldest packet switching protocol; it is used by automated teller machines and credit card authorization devices.
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X.25
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New protocols designed for digital lines and faster data transfer rates are:
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Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) |
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Networks create an end-to-end circuit between the sending and receiving computers.
Electronic switches establish and maintain the connection. |
Circuit switching
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Outgoing messages are divided into fixed-size data units called packets.
Packets are numbered and addressed to the receiving computer. Routers examine the packets and send them to their destination. |
packet switching
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what are the advantages of circuit switching?
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Voice and real-time transmission
No delivery delays |
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what are the disadvantages of Circuit switching?
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Costly
A direct electrical connection between the computers is required |
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What are the advantages of packet switching?
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Efficient, less expensive, and reliable
Will function if part of the network is down |
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what are the disadvantages of packet switching?
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-Delays in receiving packets
-Not ideal for real-time voice communication |
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What are the characteristics of IT professionals?
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-Keep up with fast-changing technology
-Work with IT in all its various forms -Are needed by both small and large companies |
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Senior-level management
Defines the IS department’s mission, objectives, and budgets |
Cheif Information Officer CIO
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Middle-management position
Emphasizes overall system reliability |
Director of Computer Operations
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Middle-management position
Emphasizes overall network reliability |
Director of Network Services
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Installs, maintains, and supports computer networks
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Network Engineer
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Installs, maintains, and supports the operating system
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Systems Programmer/Administrator
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Installs, maintains, and supports client/server applications
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Client/Service Manager
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Interacts with others to design information systems
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Systems Analyst
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Programmer/Analyst
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designs codes and tests software
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programmer
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writes code according to specification
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Senior-level management position in charge of all product development activities
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Director of Research and Development
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Computer scientists who are challenged to create new, cutting-edge technologies
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Software Architect
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Manages the details of software development projects
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Software Engineer
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Gives technical presentations and supports products on-site
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Systems Engineer
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Develops new programs under the direction of the software architect
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Software Developer
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Provides assistance to customers who need help with products
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Customer Support
Technician |
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Fastest growing industries in US economy:
Software publishing Computer system design Related computer services |
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Transfer of jobs from workers in one country to workers in other countries
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offshoring
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Transfer of labor from the firm to outside entities
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outsourcing
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Computer Science (CS)
Computer Information Systems (CIS) Systems and Software Engineering Electrical Engineering |
Education for traditional IT careers
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uses the principles of science and engineering to improve computing.
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Computer Science
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Theory rather than the practical applications of computing is emphasized.
Training is technical and involves higher mathematics (calculus). |
Computer Science
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Computer science Training also involves
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Programming languages
Programming language structure Advanced computer graphics Artificial intelligence Relational database design |
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departments are usually located within business schools.
focuses on the practical applications of computing. The skills needed by businesses are emphasized. |
Computer Information Systems
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focuses on digital circuit design and communication technologies.
Jobs are in hardware development. |
Electrical engineering
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Computer-related
Last from one day to one week Presented by hardware or software developers or companies specializing in training for new technology |
training seminars
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Indispensable resources for IT professionals
Either cover the entire world of computer issues or are aimed at a specific part |
computer magazines, journals,and newspapers
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Annual meetings in which manufacturers, designers, and dealers showcase their products
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trade shows
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Provide a way to keep up with a particular area of interest
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Professional Organizations
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AWC
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Association for Women in Computing
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ACM
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Association for Computing Machinery
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AWC
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Association for Women in Computing
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AIP
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Association of Internet Professionals
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CPMA
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Data Processing Management Association
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NPA
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Network Professional Association
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Ability of an individual to work effectively in a team environment
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teamwork
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Ability to plan and manage a project
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project management
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Writing and interpersonal skills as well as the ability to give presentations
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communication
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Some knowledge of business
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business acumen
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Experience in working with Oracle database and client/server applications
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Oracle
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Language of choice for software development
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C++
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Rapid application development and code reusability
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Microsoft Visual Basic
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Knowledge of Internet protocols
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TCP/IP
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Creates engaging presentations, including animation and video
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Interactive Digital Media Specialist
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Designs and maintains a Web server and related database servers
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Web master
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Designs, develops, tests, and documents new Web-based services for Web sites
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Web Application Engineer
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Creates high-quality content pages for Web sites
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Web Specialist
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Installs and maintains firewalls, antivirus software, and other security software
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Network/Internet Security Specialist
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is a skills and knowledge assessment organized by computer industry vendors.
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Certification
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To obtain a certificate you
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Take courses at a college, training center, or study on your own
Take a comprehensive examination Certificate is issued when the exam is passed |
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What are certification risks?
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Students focus on a specific vendor’s technology
Vendor’s technology may become obsolete Having one skill isn’t enough Hiring people with narrow training may be risky for employers |
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What are certification benefits?
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Enable employers to assess skills from a pool of applicants
Employer may increase salary offers |
