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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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any unorganized text graphics sound or video
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data
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a collection of data
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database
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enable people to add sort group summarize and print data
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data program
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data that has been processed in a meaning ful and useful way
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information
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What are the levels of data in a Database ? ( from lowest to highest)
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Bits, Characters, Fields, Records
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the lowest layer made of 1's and 0's
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Bits
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letters, numbers, and symbols (represented by a byte)
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Characters
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areas that contain data identified by field names(Ex: First name; Adress; city); Group of characters
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Fields
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contain a group of fields
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records
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contain related group of records
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data files
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the top layer made of one or more data files(Ex: ABC Company Address Book mailing list, Employee list, Vendor list)
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Databases
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what are the different types of data?
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logical data, memos, objects, Binary large Objects(BLOBs), Default value
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fields accept only a certain type of data called ________
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data type
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only "yes" or "no" answers are allowed in this field
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logical data
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large units of text
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Memos
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non text data; pictures, sound, video
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objects
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very large objects; entire spreadsheet file or picture file
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BLOBs - Binary Large Object
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pre-defined values such as today's date
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defult value
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within a record one field is identified as the key field or ________; must be a unique entry such as social security number or Student ID number.
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primary Key
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_____ create flat files containing one file or table; files cannot be linked to other files; are easy to use and customize, are not as complex as database management systems
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File Management Programs
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contain MULTIPLE files or tables; are programs that enable data to be stored modified and extracted from a data base; are more difficult to learn than....
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Database Management Systems (DBMS)
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the most widely used type of DBMS
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Relational database Management System
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In Relational Database Management Systems data in several files are related through the use of a ________
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common key field
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each record in the file has the same key field but unique key field contents, so that the field can be used to identify a record
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the way a common key field works
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supplements DBMS by bringing together all data into one huge database; organizes managemtn's decision making process
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Data Warehousing
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all of the data from one huse company is placed in a _______ which is capable of storing all the informaiton that a coporaiton possesses.
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data warehousing
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uses a technique called Drill Down to view performance data of the entire company
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Data Warehousing
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simliar to the Data Warehouse but it only supports one divison of an organization rather than the entire firm
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Data Mart
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is the data exploration technique; used to find unknown patterns of data in the data warehouse
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data mining
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specially phrased quesiton to access specfic information from a client/server database
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query
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the latest trend in database software; information is stored in databases that are avalible through the internet
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Web-based integration
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What are the characteristics of a good Database?
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Data integrity, Data independence, Avoidance of data redundancy, Data security, and Data maintenence
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the validity of the data
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Data integrity
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defines acceptable input ranges for each field
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data validation
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Types of _____ are: alphabetic check, numeric check, range check, consistency check, completeness check.
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data validation
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makes sure data are not accessible to unauthorized users. Data is also proected from loss due to equiptment failure
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Data security
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how data is stored so that it can be used with different types of application programs, It also refers to the separation of the data in a database to control forms and reports; it doesnt matter what software uses it, it can get the data out.
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Data independence
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the procedures for adding, updating, and deleting records
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data maintenance
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avoiding the repetition of data
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avoidance of data redundancy
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In order for information to be valuble it must be ______.
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Accessible, Accurate, Complete, Economical, Relevant, Reliable, Secure, Simple, Timely, Verifiable
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it can be found quickly and easily
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accesible
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it doesnt contain errors
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accurate
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it doesnt omit anything important
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complete
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the benefit exceeds the cost of the producing of the information
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economical
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it is related to the task you are trying to perform
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relevant
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it is available every time you need it
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reliable
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unauthorized people cant accesss the inforation
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secure
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it doesnt over whellm you
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simple
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it is up to date
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timely
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it can be confirmed or double checked
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verifiable
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handles an organizations accounting needs, including purchasing, sales & payroll; enable managers to make operational decisions; can produce summary and exception reports
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TPS - Transaction Processing System
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a computer based system that supports the information needs of different levels of management; Work with transaction processing systems
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Management Information System MIS
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MIS help managers make informed _________
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tactical decisions
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______ create reports that tell managers if their goals are being met
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MIS
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enables a manager to retrieve information(data) that cant be supplied by fixed and predetermined Management Information System (MIS)
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Decision Support System (DSS)
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enables managers to import up to the minute reports from transaction databases
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Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
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used to capture **knowledge** created by employees and make it available when needed
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Knowledge Management Systems
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systems that deal with expert knowledge in a particular area
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expert systems
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1st Generation, consists of Binary Numbers(0's and 1's); is the earliest programming language, is the only language the computer understands without translation; is machine dependant
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Machine Language
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each family of processors has its own machine language making it _______
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machine dependant
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2nd Generation -resembles machine language, is a low level language, uses brief abbreviations(mnemonics) for program instructions; a program is written in source code(text file) and translated into machine language by an assembler
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Assembly language
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whats a mnemonic?
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sdf
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3rd Generation - high level languages that tell the computer what to do and how to do it.
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procedural languages
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uses a complier or interpreter to translate code; Fortran and COBOL are 3rd gen. languages
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Procedural Languages
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a program that changes source code to object code
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complier
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translates source code one line at a time and executes the instructions
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interpreter
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the source code is produced by the _______
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complier
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4th generation langues are ____ and __
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report generators and query languages
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languages for printing database reports (4th Generation)
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Report Generators
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languages for getting information out of databases (4ht Gen)
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Query languages
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4th Gen languages are ______; they do not force programmers to follow procedures to produce results
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nonprocedural
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_______ relies on compoent reusability, uses objects that contain data and procedures, and eliminates the distinction between programs and data; EX: Visual Basic and C ++
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Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
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the ability to quickly build a program by utilizing ready to use specific purpose modules
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Component reusability
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unit of computer information that contains data as weel as all of the methods that process and manipulate data
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objects
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refers to an objects capacity to pass on its characteristics to its subclasses; bikes
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inheritance
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the first true cross platform programming language; it works on macs windows or UNIX
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Java
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What are the phases of the Program Development Life Cycle?
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1. Defining the problem
2. Designing the program 3. Coding the program 4. testing and debugging the program 5. Formalizing the solution 6. Implementing and maintaining the program |
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In desinging the program _____ show the top - bottom design
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structure charts
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in designing the program ___ show the logic of the program
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flowcharts
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in designing the program ___ is alternative to flow charts
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pseudo code
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are computer and problem solving professionals who determine an organizations information system needs
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systems analysts
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a collection of components organized into a functioning whole to accomplish a goal
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a system
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constructed by people who serve some purpose
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an artificial system
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Systems have a _________
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life cycle
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prelimary design stage, detailed design stage, fabrication assembly integration and test stage, production and customer support stage, and termination and disposal stage
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life cycle of a system
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The ____ is a model used to improve the quality of information systems by providing an organized approach to problem solving
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Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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the core idea of ___ is to ensure that each step is performed properly before going to the next one
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SDLC
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When avoiding mistakes ______________ is required throughout all phases
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documentation
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What are the five Phases of the Systems development life cycle?
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1. Plan
2. Analyze 3. Degisn 4. Implement 5. Maintain |
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identify problems and opportunities
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plan of SDLC
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analyze and document existing programs
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Analyze of SDLC
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design the system
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Design of SDLC
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implement the system
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implement of SDLC
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support the system
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maintain of SDLC
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the sum total (totality) of all project products and their features
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scope
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uncontrolled changes in a projects scope; when someone says what if we added this - unadded things that prevent from meeting deadlines
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scope creep
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a plan that specifies the project's goals and specifies all of the activities that must be completed for the project to succeed
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project plan
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everything that you plan to accomplish with this project
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scope
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created to provide a timeline of activities and track completion times
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Gantt Chart
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if it is ________ we can do it with existing proven technology
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technically feasible
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if its _____ we can do it with organization's available resources
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Operationally feasible
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if its ____ we can do it with available fiscal/physical resources we currently have now
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economically feasible
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______ and _______ help to improve the design phase
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JAD - Joint Application Development & CASE - Computer aided software engineering
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used to describe the different enities of the information system and their relationships
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entity relationship diagrams
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show how data move throughout the system
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data flow diagram
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through ___ users dont have to imagine what the system specifications mean in terms of a working system, instead they can experience the system and find problems with it
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prototyping tool
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When Implementing the system what are the two oursourced project the team sends?
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Requests for Quotation & Request for Proposal
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request for a vendor to quote a price for specific components of the information system
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request for quotation (RFQ)
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request for a vendor to write a proposal for the design, installation, and configuration of the information system
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request for Proposal ( RFP)
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Phase 4 of SDLC Implementing the system it is _____________; decisions are made as to whether the system is to be developed in house or outsourced
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deciding to buy or build
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What are the two types of testing when developing the software?
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Application testing and Acceptance testing
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programs are tested individually and then tested together
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application testing
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users evaluate the system to see whether it meets their needs and whether it functions correctly
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acceptance testing
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In Converting systems, conversion occurs in what ways?
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parallel conversion, pilot conversion, phased conversion, and direct conversion
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run old and new system the same time to test answers- safest
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parallel conversion
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test one part of the organization
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pilot conversion
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over different time periods
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phased conversion
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switch to new system at once and turn off old system- most risky
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direct conversion
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a ______ determines if the new system has met its goals
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post implementation system review
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After a post implementation system review, if the new system is found to be deficient the _________ begins again
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Systems development Life Cyce
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a buisness organization
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enterprise
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the use of technology information systems and computers within a buisness
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enterprise computing
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refers to conducting business internationally where the transaction of goods and services is transparents to the consumer
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Globalization
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activities that have an identifiable output and add value to an organizations customers
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Business processes
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are managed by a central IT department; each network entity contains the same software and configuration settings
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centralized structures
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enable each user to customize their technology tools; each network entity contains its own software and configuration settings
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distributed structures
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when upgrading, ____ are easier and less costly to upgrade than distributed structures; bc can buy software in bulk and easier b/c everything is gettin ghte same technology
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centralized structures
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In Maintenance, ____ are easier and less costly to maintain;
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centralized structures
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how well a hardware or software system can adapt to increased demands
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scalability
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the ability of software and hardware from different vendors to share data; our program didnt work on macs
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interoperability
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a written plan with detailed instructions on what is to be done if disaster strikes
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disaster recovery
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Involved in disaster recovery. a back up facility that is kept in a state of readiness at all times (most expensive option)
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Hot site
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Involved in disaster recovery. a back up facility that is made operational once the disaster occurs, not ready before then
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cold site
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When dealing with a big enterprise system, you system is only as good as your weakest link; _________ is when a failure of any one component will cause a malfunction in an entire system
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Single point of Failure (SPOF)
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software that integrates all facets of a business into a single computer system
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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______ replaces standalone computer systems with a single unified software program
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ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
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software tracks interactions between a company and its customers with a focus on customer retention (main thing: CUSTOMER RETEnTION and SATISFACTION)
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Customer Relationship Management - CRM
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Computerization has changed the way organizations manage their customers; more of the relationship is being managed electronically
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TRUE
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________ uses standardized formatting to allow public and private enterprises to publish and share financial information with each other across all computer platforms and the internet
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Extensible Buisness Reporting Language (XBRL)
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______ data tags are based on standardlized accounting definitions
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XML
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web sites that offer an arrary of resources and services are called _________
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web portals
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