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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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If the first clause is independent, a comma is always used before these words |
But, and |
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If the first clause is independent, a comma is never used before these words |
That, if, whether, unless, after, before, as soon as, in case, until when, where, while
We will not come to the party if she invites us
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TIWU ABA IU WWW |
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Words that describe ״number״ and ״amount״ |
Great, large, small |
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Words that can only be described by high or low |
Percent, percentage, score, rate
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PPSR |
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Gerunds that have "of" after them |
Approve of - approving of Confess of - confessing of Dispose of - disposing of Consist of - consisting of
It would not be correct to use them with out the "of" |
ACDC |
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Verbs that can't be used in the passive voice |
Derive Originate Double Graduate Evolve |
DODGE |
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Linking verbs that after them we use an adjective |
Be, become (get, grow) Remain (stay) Seem (appear) Consider |
BBGG RS SA C |
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Verbs of senses |
Sound, smell,feel, taste, look |
SSFTL |
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Adverbs that are the same as the adjective |
Lovely, lively, likely, costly, early, friendly |
LLL CEF |
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How does the adjective "fast" turn into an adverb? |
Stays fast |
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How does the adjective "good" turn into an adverb? |
Well |
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The group of adjectives that have 2 adverb forms with different meanings |
Hard, high, deep, wide, late, flat
Hardly - almost not Highly - very much Deeply - very much Widely - all over Lately - recently Flatly - exactly
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HH DWLF |
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Mere (adjective) Mere / a mere (adverb) Merely (adverb) |
Here the adverb thats written differently from the adjectives actually means the same, and the adverb written the same has a different meaning
Simple As little as / as few as Simply |
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Can i say merely + number?
Merely 5 years |
No! Thats like saying simply 5 years! |
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Adverbs that intensify |
Very, rather, so, quite, little, a little, much, far Slightly, highly, deeply |
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Adverbs of frequency |
Gradually, eventually
Constantly, always, permanently, often, frequently, usually, regularly, temporarily, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never, ever, every year, each season |
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Adverbs of degree |
Only, nearly, hardly, scarcely, barely, certainly, definitely, even, typically, almost, totally, fully, specifically, originally, primarily, also, just, a mere, mere |
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Words that can only be conjunctions and not prepositions
*make sure there is a subject and a verb after these words |
Because , therefor, although, even though, though, thereby |
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Common prepositions |
Including, regarding, concerning, according to, during |
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Nouns that end with "s" even though they are uncountable |
News School subjects and scientific fields - physics, economics, politics... Names of sports - aerobics, gymnastics, tennis... Names if diseases - measles, mumps... Private names - Mr. Jones, the United States, Athens Number & measure - age, time, sum - five miles, twenty dollars, ten years
Ten miles is a long way Less then ten milligrams |
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Nouns that end with "s" even though they are uncountable |
News School subjects and scientific fields - physics, economics, politics... Names of sports - aerobics, gymnastics, tennis... Names if diseases - measles, mumps... Private names - Mr. Jones, the United States, Athens Number & measure - age, time, sum - five miles, twenty dollars, ten years
Ten miles is a long way Less then ten milligrams |
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Nouns that have "s" at the end in both singular and plural forms |
A means - means A series - series A species - species |
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Singular latin endings |
-um, -on -is -us
Criterion, Bacterium, Curriculum, Datum, Millennium Phenomenon
Basis, thesis, crisis, analysis
Alumnus, fungus
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Singular latin endings |
-um, -on -is -us
Criterion, Bacterium, Curriculum, Datum, Millennium Phenomenon
Basis, thesis, crisis, analysis
Alumnus, fungus
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Bacterium, criterion Basis Fungos
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Plural latin endings |
-a -es -i
Data, millennia, criteria, curricula, media, bacteria
Bases, theses, crises, analyses
Alumni, fungi |
Bacteria, criteria Bases Fungi |
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Nouns that are always singular |
Each, none, either, neither, everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing |
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"A number" - plural or singular? |
Plural - A number of students are |
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"A number" - plural or singular? |
Plural - A number of students are |
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"The number" - plural or singular |
Singular - the number of students in the class is 10 |
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What are the relative pronouns? |
That, when, where (also conjunctions)
Who, whom, whose, which (not conjunctions) |
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Which relative pronouns can refer to people? |
Who whom |
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Which relative pronouns can refer to people? |
Who whom |
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Which relative pronouns can refer to things? |
That, which |
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Which relative pronouns can refer to people? |
Who whom |
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Which relative pronouns can refer to things? |
That, which |
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Which relative pronoun can refer to any noun? |
Whose |
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Which relative pronoun must refer to a place? |
Where |
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Which relative pronoun must refer to a place? |
Where |
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Which relative pronoun must refer to a time? |
When |
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Which relative pronoun must refer to a place? |
Where |
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Which relative pronoun must refer to a time? |
When |
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Which relative pronouns can come after a preposition? |
Whom (person), which (thing) |
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Where must a preposition come in relation to the relative noun? |
Always before!!!!!! (Pre=before) |
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When these are the subjects, the number is affected by the number of the object |
All, most, the majority, the minority, some, the proportion |
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Model verbs |
Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must |
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Suffixes of adjactives |
-al (principle) -ic (specific) -ous (suspicious) -able/ible (incredible) -ant/ent (important/different) -ful (successful) -less (careless) -ive (creative) |
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Noun suffixes |
-ness (wilderness) -ty (eternity) -cy (policy) -tion (invitation) -sure (pressure) -ance/ence (importance) -ry (mystery) -ment (development) |
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Active participle form - done together with the verb |
Present participle
Writing, using |
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Passive participle form - done together with the verb |
Past participle
Written, used |
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Active participle form - done before the verb |
Having + past participle
Having written, having used
After + present participle
After writing, after using |
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Passive participle form - done before verb |
Having been + past participle
Having been written, having been used
After being + past participle
After being written, after being used |
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Based/basing |
Passive/active |
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Compared/comparing |
Passive/active |
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Auxiliary words
(Auxiliary + past participle --> should not repeat the word in a list if verbs) |
Have, has, had, will, have....
We have looked out the window and seen that... (Without "have seen") |
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Negative words |
No, nor, none, neither, neither...nor.., nobody, no one, nothing, never, nowhere, Seldom, rarely (almost never) Hardly, scarcely, barely (almost no) |
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Stative verbs |
Consist Lack Include Propose Suggest |
Verbs that cant be used in progressive tens (CLIPS) |
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Repeatedly occurring actions (present simple) |
Always, sometimes, constantly, seldom, rarely, often, usually, frequently, occasionally, never, ever, every month, each season |
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Actions in progress (present progressive) |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, evermore, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
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Verbs commonly used to indicate progress |
Become, change, develop, improve, increase (grow, rise), decrease (decline) |
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Actions occurring at the time of speaking (present progressive) |
Now, at the moment, still, while, fir the time being, meanwhile, currently |
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Actions which start in the past and continue in the present (present perfect simple) |
Since, for, lately, recently, so far, never, ever, always, before, yet, already, once, twice, thrice, three times, fir times... |
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The action has ended right now (present simple perfect) |
right now, just, already, recent, recently, lately |
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The action ended, but the present period of the time continues (present simple perfect) |
Once, twice, thrice, three times, this year, |
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Repeatedly occurring actions (present simple) |
Always, sometimes, constantly, seldom, rarely, often, usually, frequently, occasionally, never, ever, every month, each season |
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Actions in progress (present progressive) |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, evermore, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
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Verbs commonly used to indicate progress |
Become, change, develop, improve, increase (grow, rise), decrease (decline) |
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Actions occurring at the time of speaking (present progressive) |
Now, at the moment, still, while, fir the time being, meanwhile, currently |
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Actions which start in the past and continue in the present (present perfect simple) |
Since, for, lately, recently, so far, never, ever, always, before, yet, already, once, twice, thrice, three times, fir times... |
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The action has ended right now (present simple perfect) |
right now, just, already, recent, recently, lately |
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The action ended, but the present period of the time continues (present simple perfect) |
Once, twice, thrice, three times, this year, |
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Past time indication words (past simple) |
Yesterday, last week, a year ago, two weeks ago On+date - in dec 5 In+year - in 1965 In+century - in the 18 century For, since, never, once twice - only if there is another indication that the action has ended.
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Past actions in progress (past progressive) |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, ever more, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
Same as indiction for present actions in progress |
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Past actions in progress (past progressive) |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, ever more, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
Same as indiction for present actions in progress |
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Past continues actions limited by time (past progressive) |
At 15 pm From...till |
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Past actions in progress (past progressive) |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, ever more, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
Same as indiction for present actions in progress |
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Past continues actions limited by time (past progressive) |
At 15 pm From...till |
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Two continues action occurring simultaneously (past progressive) |
Should have the conjunctions while / when (as) |
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Continues action in the past interrupted by a short action |
Must have the conjunction while / when (as) |
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Indications fir actions in past proceeding by another action in the past (past perfect) |
Before, earlier, after |
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Indicators for future simple |
Next year, next month... In a year, in a week... Tomorrow, for, in+2030 (century, era..) On+date |
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Indicators for future simple |
Next year, next month... In a year, in a week... Tomorrow, for, in+2030 (century, era..) On+date |
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Indicators for future simple (as appose to present progressive) |
Believe, think, hope, guess, suppose, evaluate, probably, likely, predict, unlikely, there is a chance - all these together with future simple |
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Indicators for future simple |
Next year, next month... In a year, in a week... Tomorrow, for, in+2030 (century, era..) On+date |
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Indicators for future simple (as appose to present progressive) |
Believe, think, hope, guess, suppose, evaluate, probably, likely, predict, unlikely, there is a chance - all these together with future simple |
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Future progressive indicators - future actions in progress |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, ever more, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
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Indicators for future simple |
Next year, next month... In a year, in a week... Tomorrow, for, in+2030 (century, era..) On+date |
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Indicators for future simple (as appose to present progressive) |
Believe, think, hope, guess, suppose, evaluate, probably, likely, predict, unlikely, there is a chance - all these together with future simple |
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Future progressive indicators - future actions in progress |
Gradually, steadily, little by little, more and more, ever more, increasingly, slowly, rapidly, fast, quickly |
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Future continuos actions limited by time (future progressive) |
At + hour From... Till... |
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Can i say: The more than + number |
Yes! |
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Can i say: The more than + number |
Yes! |
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Can i say: more than the + number |
No!! |
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Can i say: more than + number |
Depends on the rest of the sentence - plural noun with no article means noun in general (if its nit specific - its ok. But if we know something about the nouns, its wrong) |
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To strengthen an adj/adv in comparative form |
Much more/ far more |
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Can i say: The more than + number |
Yes! |
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Can i say: more than the + number |
No!! |
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Can i say: more than + number |
Depends on the rest of the sentence - plural noun with no article means noun in general (if its nit specific - its ok. But if we know something about the nouns, its wrong) |
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To strengthen an adj/adv in comparative form |
Much more/ far more |
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To weaken an adj/adv in con partitive form |
A little |
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Can i say: The more than + number |
Yes! |
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Can i say: more than the + number |
No!! |
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Can i say: more than + number |
Depends on the rest of the sentence - plural noun with no article means noun in general (if its nit specific - its ok. But if we know something about the nouns, its wrong) |
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To strengthen an adj/adv in comparative form |
Much more/ far more |
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To weaken an adj/adv in con partitive form |
A little |
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To weaken very much an adj/adv in comparative form |
Little |
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Can i say: The more than + number |
Yes! |
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Can i say: more than the + number |
No!! |
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Can i say: more than + number |
Depends on the rest of the sentence - plural noun with no article means noun in general (if its nit specific - its ok. But if we know something about the nouns, its wrong) |
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To strengthen an adj/adv in comparative form |
Much more/ far more |
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To weaken an adj/adv in con partitive form |
A little |
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To weaken very much an adj/adv in comparative form |
Little |
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To show there is no comparison |
Use "no" (don't use "not") No more than... |
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Words that can never be used in any form if comparison |
Unique, superior to, inferior to, equal to, similar to, different from, identical with, average, neautral |
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Other conjunctions than can be used in real conditional sentences |
Unless, until, when, as soon as, after, before, the moment, the next time, in case, as long as, |
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Verbs of demand |
Demand, command, suggest* Require, order, propose Request, urge, recommend Stipulate, move, advise Mandate, decree, ask Oblige, insist, prefer
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Verbs of demand |
Demand, command, suggest* Require, order, propose Request, urge, recommend Stipulate, move, advise Mandate, decree, ask Oblige, insist, prefer
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Additional (non demand) verbs that require subjunctives |
Its required that Its advisable that Its essential that Its preferable that Its important that Its crucial that Its mandatory that Its obligatory that Its necessary that On condition that |
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Singuler nouns |
Each, none, either, neither, everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing |
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