Iran

Front 1

Assembly of religious experts

Back 1

this organization is a menifestation of the hold that Islam has on Iran. It is chaired by clerics with the equivalent of a masters degree in religion; this organization reserves the right to dismiss a leader if he is incapable of filling his duties which are implied to be religious in context

Front 2

axis of evil

Back 2

is a term that former United States President George W. Bush used to describe countries which he thought were involved with terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.

Front 3

constitution of 1979

Back 3

most important document that legitimizes the state today; written during the last months of Ayatollah Khomeini's life; forty amendments; highly complex mixture of theocracy and democracy; preamble reflects the importance of religion for the legitimacy of the state, affirming faith in God, Divine Justice, the Qur'an, the Prophet Muhammud, the Twelve Imams, and the eventual return of the Hidden Imam

Front 4

constutional rev of 1905-1909

Back 4

originated in Western movements, promoted democracy and free speech, created new government

Front 5

equality with difference

Back 5

policy towards women; divorce and custody laws now follow Islamic standards that favor males; women must wear scarves and long coats in public, and they cannot leave the country without the consent of male relatives; stoning of women; women are allowed education and entrance into some occupations

Front 6

Faqih

Back 6

an expert in Islamic Law

Front 7

imams

Back 7

prayer leaders in Iran's main urban mosques; appointed by Supreme Leader, they have considerable authority in the provinces

Front 8

Iranian Militant Clerics Society

Back 8

was created in 1988 when a number of prominent political figures split from the older and more conservative Tehran Militant Clergy Association (Jameh-yi Ruhaniyat-i Mobarez-i Tehran).

Front 9

Jurists guardianship

Back 9

Khomeini's concept that the Iranian clergy should rule on the grounds that they are the divinely appointed guardians of both the law and the people. He developed this concept in the 1970s.

Front 10

Majiles

Back 10

irans parliament

Front 11

National front

Back 11

is a political opposition party founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh and other secular, France-educated Iranian nationalist leaders in the late 1940s.

Front 12

quanun

Back 12

no sacred basis; body of statutes made by legislative bodies; passed by the Majles; law made by the people's elected representatives

Front 13

People of the book

Back 13

monotheistic people who subject their lives to Holy Books, such as Christians, Jews, and Islams

Front 14

reformers v conservatives

Back 14

reformers people who work for change v. Like to stick to the traditional ways of government and tend to oppose change

Front 15

revolution of 1979

Back 15

refers to events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States[10] and its eventual replacement with a National republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and Islamic organizations[11] and Iranian student movements.

Front 16

secularization

Back 16

The activity of changing something (art or education or society or morality etc.) so it is no longer under the control or influence of religion

Front 17

Sharia

Back 17

body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life

Front 18

Shiism

Back 18

the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs

Front 19

statists v free marketers

Back 19

free marketers =want to remove price controls, lower business taxes, encourage private enterprise, balance the budget, believe in the same market principles that guide the United States, envision it working within context of theocratic state

statists=believe the government should take an active role in controlling the economy - redistributing land and wealth, eliminating unemployment, financing social welfare programs, price ceilings

Front 20

Sunnis

Back 20

favored choosing the caliph from the accepted leadership

Front 21

supreme leader

Back 21

position at top was meant to be filled by Ayatollah Khomeini, seen as the imam of he whole community, represents the pinnacle of theocratic principles of the state, changed constitution to still have one, Ali Khamenei