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37 Cards in this Set
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neoliberal theory
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a philosophy that maintains that peaceful change with prosperity can be encouraged through cooperation in institutions that knit the states and peoples of the world together into a true global community
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human security
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a concept that refers to the degree to which the welfare of individuals is protected and advanced, in contrast to national security, which puts the interest of the states first
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state level of analysis
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an analytical approach to the study of world politics that emphasizes how the internal attributes of states explain their foreign policy behaviors and domestic circumstances
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cosmopolitan
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an outlook that values viewing the entire world as the best unit for the political governance and personal identity, as opposed to other polities such as one's local metropolis or city of residence
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global village
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a popular image used to describe the growth of awareness that all people share a common fate, stemming from a cosmopolitan perspective that the world is an integrated and interdependent whole
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cyberspace
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a metaphor used to describe the global electronic web of people, ideas, and interactions ont he Internet, which is unencumbered by the borders of the geopolitical world
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blogs
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groups who communicate on the Internet with each other, sharing political observations on their online diaries, that spread information and ideas worldwide int he manner of journalists
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podcasting
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to Thomas Friedman, "the technology that enables individuals to produce their own poetry and songs, videos and photos, and upload them onto a website, and then offer this content to anyone who wants to sample it."
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the singularity
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a future phenomenon that will occur when machine intelligence surpasses human intelligence, defined by inventor Ray Urzweil as "a future time when societal, scientific, and economic change is so fast we cannot even imagine what will happen from our present perspective."
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virtuality
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imagery created by computer technology of objects and phenomena that produces a fictitious picture of actual things, people and experiences
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digitial divide
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the division between the Internet technology-rich Global North and the Global South in the proportion of internet users and hosts
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information and communications technology (ICT)
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the technological means through which information and communications are transferred, such as through the World Wide Web
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cartel
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a convergence of independent commercial enterprises or political groups that combine for collective actions, such as limiting competition or setting prices for their services
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agenda setting
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the thesis that by their ability to identify and publicize issues, the communications media determinet he problems that receive attention by governments and international organizations
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New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO)
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the controversial 1980 call by the less-developed Global South to combat what was termed "cultural imperialism" by circumscribing the news and information disseminated by the Western transnational news agencies
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regime
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rules agreed to by states to regulate their exchanges
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international organized crime (IOC)
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crime organizations specializing in the use of technology to cooperatively network with one another throughout the world
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global migration crisis
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a crisis stemming from the growing number of people moving from their home country to another country, straining the ability of the host countries to absorb the foreign emigrants
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failed states
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countries whose governments no longer enjoy support from their rebelling citizens and from displaced peoples who either flee the country or organize revolts to divide the state into smaller independent states
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externalities
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the side effects produced by choices and behaviors in one activity that alter other conditions, for some beneficially and for others negatively
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globalization of finance
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the increasing transnationalization of national markets as capital crosses borders at increasing rates
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arbitrage
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the selling of one currency (or product) and purchase of another to make a profit on the changing exchange rates; traders help to keep states' currencies in balance through their speculative efforts to buy large quantities of devalued currencies and sell them in countries where they are valued more highly
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digital world economy
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a system based largely on globalized electronic debt and credit transfers
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commercial liberalism
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an economic theory advocating free markets and the removal of barriers to the flow of trade and capital as a locomotive for prosperity
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cpaital mobility hypothesis
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the proposition that the massive movement of investment capital across state borders has led to the globalization of finance
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realist theory
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the view that states are sovereign, unitary global actors in relentless competition with one another for position and prosperity in the international hierarchy, and that they are able to engineer policies to promote their own itnerests and control conditions within their borders
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
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an international organization affiliated with the United Nations that was designed to promote international trade and tariff reductions, replaced by the World Trade Organization
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trade integration
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economic globalization measured by the extent to which world trade volume grows faster than the globe's combined gross domestic product
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newly industrialized economies (NIEs)
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states such as Singapore and South Korea that have successfully grown into advanced industrialized socities. As wealthy countries, they are now members of the Global North and competitive players in global trade and investments, no longer in need of development assistance
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strategic corporate alliances
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cooperation between MNCs and foreign companies in the same industry, driven by the movement of MNC manufacturing overseas
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virtual corporations
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agreements between otherwise competitive MNCs, often temporary, to join forces and skills to coproduce and export particular products in the borderless global marketplace
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foreign direct investment (FDI)
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purchase of stock, property, or assets in another country, with a goal of long-term involvement in the economy of that country
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underemployment
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a condition critics trace to trade globalization in which a large portion of the labor force only works part-time at low pay in occupations below their skill level
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politics
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the effort by actors to resolve controversial issues against the wishes of other actors
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ethics
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criteria for distinguishing right from wrong in assessing an actor's behavior and the intentions that animated its behavior
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relative gains
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a measure of how much some participants in an exchange benefit in comparison to others
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absolute gains
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a measure of the degree to which all participants in an exchange become better off
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