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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Darwinism
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The theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin
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Capital
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Money used to invest in enterprises
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Eli Whitney
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Invented a machine called the cotton gin that separated the seeds from the raw cotton at a fast rate
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Enterprise
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Business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories
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Cottage Industry
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Increased dramatically when the Cotton Gin was created
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Urbanization
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Movement of people to cities; Rural -> Urban
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Tenement
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Multistory buildings divided into apartments
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Thomas Malthus
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British Economist; published An Essay on the Principle of Population; poverty was unavoidable because the population was increasing faster than the food supply
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Proletariat
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Working class
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Karl Marx
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German philosopher; Communism
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Robert Owen
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Utopian; Set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland;
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Jeremy Bentham
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Advocated Utilitarianism; Believed all laws or actions should be judged by their “utility”
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Utilitarianism
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Idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens
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Social Democracy
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Political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system
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Bassemer
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Developed a new process for making steel from iron
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Dynamite
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Invented by Alfred Nobel - Safer Explosive - Won Nobel a huge fortuned used to fund the Nobel Prizes
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Michael Fareday
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Created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo - generates electricity
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Thomas Edison
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Made the first electric light bulb
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Guglielmo Marconi
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Invented the radio
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Louis Pasteur
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Inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness - Heating and Cooling - Pasteurization
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Robert Koch
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Isolated Bacillus anthracis - Founded Microbiology - Germ Theory - Show the link between microbes and disease
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Impressionism
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A literary or artistic style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience rather than to achieve accurate depiction -Seeking to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye
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Charles Fourier
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Wanted to establish a series of phalanxes
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Proletariat
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Wage earners
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Robert Owen
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His New Harmony community afiled
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Capitalists
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Criticized by Karl Marx
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Laissez-faire
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A gov't policy of non-interference in business
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Adam Smith
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Expressed liberal economic opinion in "The Wealth of Nations"
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Socialism
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Gov't ownership of business and industry
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Karl Marx
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Urged communist revolutions
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T.R. Malthus
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Said overpopulation was the cause of workers' problems
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Labor Unions
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Democratic-liberals favored organizing them
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V. Hugo
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French Novelist - Re-created The 3 Musketeers + The Hunchback of Notre Dame
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Ludwig van Beethoven
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Combined classical forms with a stirring range of sound - first composer to take full advantage of braod range of insturments in the orchestra
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Romanticism
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Artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion
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Realism
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Attempt to represent the world as it was, without the sentiment associated with romanticism
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Charles Dickens
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English Novelist - portrayed the lives of slum dwellers and factory workers
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Claude Monet
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Impressionist - brushed storkes of color side by side without any blending
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Vincent van Gogh
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Postimpressionist - Experimented with sharp brush lines and bright color
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Germ Theory
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Idea that microbes might cause specific infectious diseases
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Louis Pasteur
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Showed the link between microbes and disease - developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax - created pasteurization
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