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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Migration:
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Movement of an individual or group from one place to another, often in pursuit of political or religious freedom, economic opportunity, reunification with family, or access to specific resources.
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Divestment strategies
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Is commonly the consequence of a "growth strategy", whereby a product line or a product division of a business is eliminated or sold to limit either anticipated or real losses, and to redirect the resources behind that product line or division to other company products or divisions that may provide a better profit. In other words, a portion of the business is eliminated because it is seen as not providing any gains.
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Refugees
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A displaced person who cannot return to his or her country of origin because of fear of persecution or destruction caused by war or natural disaster. They are often assisted and relocated by an international body such as the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees.
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Branch factory syndrome
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This explains that critical technologies and the most productive assets remain securely at headquarters, while inferior technologies and less productive assets are transferred abroad to branch factory. Corporate headquarters fear that their competitive assets will be appropriated or diluted; they therefore, tend to keep control of them at home and be sure that strategic decisions are made by home country not the host country executive. pg 370
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Relational power
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The ability of one actor to get another to do or not do something. In other words, the ability to control the minds and actions of other.
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Epistemic community
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A network of experts on a particular international problem, who try to frame the issue for policymakers and the public, and offers solutions. For example, am epistemic community has mobilized around the issue of global climate change, with many scientists, nongovernmental organizations, and the media bringing attention to the threat and advocating solutions.
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Appropriability theory:
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Developed by Richard Caves and others, explains why Vernon’s product cycle firms invest abroad rather than licensing production to a local firm or taking on a local partner. The theory argues that some firms become TNCs in order to protect themselves and have monopoly over the market (do not want to lose competitive edge) and of their authentic assets such as trademarks, which is believed will be loss through partnership with local or license foreign firms. pg. 370
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Kyoto protocol
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Environmental rules that derive from the 1997 Kyoto, Japan, summit on global warming.
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Demographic transition
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The point at which population growth decreases as per capita income levels rise. The argument often made by those who reject the idea that limiting population growth alone will lead to economic development.
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Commercialization of sovereignty:
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The process of one state renting out commercial privileges and protections to citizens and companies from another state. Examples of this trend include offering flags of convenience and serving as tax havens. In this way, one state’s sovereign privilege is used to undermine the sovereign power of another state to regulate their citizens and companies’ behaviors.
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Genetically modified organisms:
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A living organism that has had its genetic code altered for commercial or scientific gain. For example, a crop might be genetically modified to enhance desirable nutritional qualities.
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Informal economy:
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The part of the economy that is unregulated and usually does not pay taxes. In a less developed country, most street vendors, for example, would be classified as “informal.”
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Remittance
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Payments made by a migrant to family or friends in the country of origin.
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Asylum:
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Refuge for a displaced person who cannot return to his or her country of origin because of fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. An asylum seeker solicits permanent residence in another country through application to that country’s courts, often from within that state’s territory.
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Immigration:
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Movement into another country with the intention of becoming a permanent resident in the destination country.
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Commodification:
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The process whereby an item is transformed into a commodity (goods for trade/or to be sold) to be bought and sold. In the context of tourism, commodification refers to the transformation of cultural objects and values into commodities in response to tourists’ preferences and demands.
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“Food first” thesis:
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A thesis introduced in the 1970s to counter the view that overpopulation is the underlying cause of world hunger. It argues that hunger is actually caused by deficiencies in income and land distribution, rather than of food production and distribution. According to the proponents of this theory, hunger is not endemic to less developed countries, but is a byproduct of their political and economic relationship to the industrialized nations.
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Diaspora:
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Transnational communities that identify with a common homeland, history, and ethnic identity despite their citizenship in other countries. Diasporas may be tied to a particular nation-state or simply reflect a particular national identity.
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Emission credits:
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An implementation mechanism for the Kyoto protocol, which allows countries to buy and sell carbon dioxide production quotas from one another.
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United Nations Conference on Development and Trade
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A permanent conference of the UN-General Assembly that focuses on the effects of international trade on nations at differing stages of development and with differing social and economic systems. UNCTAD is an important forum for multilateral discussions and negotiations regarding less developed countries and transnational corporation issues.
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One measure of the material living standards of a country is the amount of income available per person per day to spend on food, shelter, healthcare, education, and so forth.
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TRUE – pg. 310
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The G-77 tried to make the UNCTAD a mechanism for dialogue and negotiations between the ODCs and developed countries on trade, finance and other development issues.
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TRUE – pg. 313 para. 3
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Export oriented growth views international market forces as a threat and an attempt to achieve development with less risk of dependency.
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FALSE – pg. 316 para. 2
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In the 1970s and 1980s, many LDCs in Latin America adopted strategies termed import-substituting industrialization.
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TRUE – pg 316 para. 1
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Cultural citizenship is the process whereby immigrant takes on the values and customs of the new prevailing culture.
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FALSE – pg 341
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Travel and tourism is the world’s largest industry.
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TRUE – pg. 347 para. 5
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TNCs came to be viewed by many as tools of U.S. hegemony during the Cold War era.
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TRUE – pg. 374
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Liberals agree that underdevelopment contributes to child prostitution and argue that the development mechanism proposed by structuralists worsens the problem[/s].
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FALSE – pg 406
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The World Health Organization has found that some major U. S. and European Tobacco Companies complicit in tobacco smuggling are false.
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FALSE – pg 401
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Smuggling, drug trafficking, and human trafficking are considered illegal in all parts of the world.
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FALSE – pg 400 para. 2
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In 1992, the United Nation peacekeeping operation in Somalia marks the first time that UN or U.S. forces intervened in a nation for the express purpose of humanitarian relief.
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TRUE – pg 417
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Mercantilists and realists consider food to be one of the most important ingredients of power.
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TRUE – pg 420 bottom
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In nations such as Brazil, deforestation results in part from a government effort to resettle people away from urban areas to undeveloped jungle areas.
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TRUE – pg. 442
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Deforestation in Brazil takes place to clear large tracks of land to produce high protein soya.
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TRUE – Film and pg. 442
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It will take 320 million acres, roughly twice the size of Texas, to begin to replace the rainforest that play such an important role in absorbing carbon dioxide and perpetuating biodiversity.
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TRUE – pg. 442
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Structural power is the ability of actors to cause something to happen because their position within the structure allows them either control or the ability to effectively condition the behavior of states, markets and societies.
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TRUE – pg 456
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Liberal imperialism is the idea that liberal nations intervene in the internal affairs of pre-modern states with the intent to establish liberal values and institutions.
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TRUE – pg.484 (glossary)
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At times, the United States has intentionally tried to use food as a weapon.*
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TRUE – pg.338 para. 1 gives one example (this question is a bit sketchy)
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Most government restricted inward migration following WWI has continued to do so ever since.
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FALSE – intuition can’t be found in book
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The world’s governments have greatly liberalized the cross-border flow of goods, services, technologies, and financial capital and as a result have also loosened the restriction on the flow of people.
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FALSE – pg 49 Debates…
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The tragedy of the commons metaphor suggests that ______________________.
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- People acted in their short-term, rational interest by continually producing more livestock, which eventually used up the commons (an unfenced, communal grazing area), dooming both them and society. (Hardin, Garrett) pg.413
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Sustainable economic development means.
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- a pattern of economic development that is consistent with the goal of nondegradation of the environment (glossary)
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Which of the following make up the largest concentration of greenhouse gases?
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Water vapor, followed by carbon dioxide ( NOAA)
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