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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA of action of aminoglycosides
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inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
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Cross resistance with aminoglycosides---complete or not complete?
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not complete
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Why do aminoglycosides have a synergistic effect with B lactams?
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because the B lactams act on the cell wall which increases the diffusion of aminoglycosides into the bacterium
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Preferred combo for SPACE bugs
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aminoglycoside and a B lactam
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Spectrum of aminoglycosides
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aerobic gram negative organisms
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Why are aminoglycosides not available orally?
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due to highly polar structure- doesn’t cross membranes well and not acid stable
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What are the adverse actions in aminoglycosides due to their concentration in ears and renal cortex?
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ototoxicity and renal failure
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Where does excretion of aminoglycosides occur?
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excreted by the kidneys and directly proportionate to CrCl
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Why do you monitor the peak and trough with aminoglycosides?
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narrow therapeutic index
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Due to ototoxicity, patients taking aminoglycosides may develop these two conditions.
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deafness and vertigo
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What adverse reaction can occur from topical use of an aminoglycoside.
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contact dermatitis
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What is the most popular injectable aminoglycoside currently?
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Gentamicin (Garamycin)
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What types of infections are treated with Gentamicin?
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serious infections by susceptible organisms (systemic or urosepsis)
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Gram negative organisms affected by Gentamicin
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Pseudomonas, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella, and multiple other gram negative bacteria
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What type of organism are the aminoglycosides NOT effective against?
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anaerobes
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What drug is Gentamicin combined with for the tx of endocarditis?
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w/ beta lactams or vancomycin
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Why does once a dosing work for aminoglycosideS?
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they have “concentration dependent killing”
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Toxicity with aminoglycosides is more likely to occur based on _______ over threshold, as compared to __________ over threshold.
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time, concentration
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Total ________ is important in ototoxicity.
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dose, not concentration at peak
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Dosing and coverage of Tobramycin is similar to what drug?
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Gentamicin (Garamycin)
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This aminoglycoside is effective against some bacteria that are resistant to gentamicin.
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Amikacin (Amikin)
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What is the current use for Streptomycin?
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treatment of TB
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Use for Neomycin (Mycifradin)
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suppression of small bowel intestinal bacteria (aerobic)--used with erythromycin as a preoperative bowel preparation
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Antibiotic used for Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Faecium
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Linezoid (Zyvox)
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What is the drug interaction with Linezoid that leads to Serotonin Syndrome?
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interaction with MAO Inhibitors
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How must Quinupristin/Dalfopristin be administered?
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via central line due to venous irritation
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indication for Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid)?
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VREF
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