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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do infants present with conginital heart defects?
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with sweating while feeding or failure to thrive
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How do older children present?
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with chest pain
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What is the estimate blood pressure in a child?
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80 + (2 x age) is the systolic, and the diastolic is 2/3 of that
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Which congenital defect produces a widened pulse pressure?
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PDA
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What is considered a widened pulse pressure?
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> 1/2 of the Systolic BP
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Which congenital defect (s) produce a narrowed pulse pressure?
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CHF, AS, tamponade, coarctation
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fixed split of S2…
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ASD
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physiologic split of S2 is…
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normal
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Heart sound present with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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S4 (poor diastolic function)
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Physiologic split of S2 is…
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>IV
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Heart sound that can be normal in pediatrics, but otherwise indicates poor systolic function
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S3
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What is the standard CXR view(s)?
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PA, and Lat
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What might the CXR show?
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RVH, LVH, abnormal aortic notch, but may otherwise be nonspecific
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What test can be done in the nursery that will differentiate cardiac and pulmonary etiologies of cyanosis?
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The 100% Oxygen test. If 100% oxygen does not improve O2 sat after 30 minutes, then most likely, the etiology is cardiac
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What is the most common sympathetic arrythmia? What does it respond to?
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SVT. Responds to vagal maneuvers, or adenosine
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Ususally the test of choice
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Echo
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Most definitive and therapeutic
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Catheterization
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What is the most common cause of sinus arrythmias?
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immature cholinergic input
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What is the abnormal finding with ASD and PR?
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Right atrial enlargement (there are others that also cause RAE)
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Functional murmur associated with left ventricular outflow
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Still's murmur
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Name two other functional murmurs
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Venous Hum; pulmonary flow murmur (RV outflow)
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At what age will you hear a venous hum?
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2-5 yrs
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What does a venous hum represent?
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blood flow in the jugular
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What increases the venous hum?
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sitting; standing
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What causes the venous hum to disappear?
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being supine
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Describe the venous hum
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musical, continuous, I-II, RUSB and LUSB
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What causes the functional murmur of peripheral arterial pulmonary stenosis?
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Flow through slightly constricted pulmonary arteries
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When can the functional murmur of peripheral artery pulmonary stenosis be heard?
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for the 1st 12week of life
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Describe the functional murmur of peripheral artery pulmonary stenosis
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soft, systolic I-II, RSB, LSB, and back
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Is there anything that will make the functional murmur of peripheral artery pulmonary stenosis louder or softer?
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No, there is no positional change
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musical systolic I-III, heard at the apex, and LLSB describes what murmur?
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Still's murmur
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Murmur that increases in the supine position and with fever
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Still's murmur
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How long is a still's murmur detectable?
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1-10yrs
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Describe the pulmonary outflow murmur
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medium pitch, systolic, I-II, heard at the Left Upper sternal border
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What increases the sound of the pulmonary outflow murmur?
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Being in the supine, and upon forced expiration
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What decreases the sound of the pulmonary outflow murmur?
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Sitting
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When do you hear the pulmonary outflow murmur?
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7-10 years
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Describe the still's murmur
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LV outflow tract vibration
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What pathologic murmur can be described as continuous?
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PDA
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What are the middle Diastolic murmurs?
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Mitral and tricuspid stenosis
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What are the Early Diastolic murmurs?
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Aortic and pulmonary regurg
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What is the holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex?
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Mitral and tricuspid regurge & VSD
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What is the murmur that is late with a mid-systolic click?
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Ejection murmur(s) heard best at the base of the heart
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Aortic and pulmonic stenosis; ASD
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