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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PART OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTROLS HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS, GENERAL MOVEMENT, VISCERAL FUNCTIONS, PERCEPTION, BEHAVIOR, AND INTEGRATION OF THESE
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CORTEX
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AIDS TEH CEREBRAL CORTEX IN THE INTEGRATION OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; ALSO PROCESSES SENSORY INFORMATION FROM THE EYES, EARS, TOUCH RECEPTORS, AND THE MUSCULOSKELETON
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CEREBELLUM
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WHAT DOES THE BRAINSTEM CONTROL?
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MANY INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS
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THE PATHWAY BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND THE SPINAL CORD
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BRAINSTEM
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WHERE DO THE NUCLEI OF THE 12 CRANIAL NERVES ARISE FROM?
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THE BRAINSTEM
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WHAT ARE THE CRANIAL NERVES THAT ARE ONLY SENSORY?
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I, II, VII
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WHAT ARE THE MIXED CRANIAL NERVES?
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V, VII, IX, X
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WHAT ARE THE CRANIAL NERVES THAT ARE ONLY MOTOR?
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III, IV, VI, XI, AND XII
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WHAT ARE THE THREE SENSORY DIVISIONS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE?
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OPHTHALMIC, MAXILLARY, AND MANDIBULAR
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WHAT DO YOU TEST IN ORDER TO EVALUATE MOTOR FUNCTION?
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MUSCLE STRENGTH
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C3
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FRONT AND BACK OF NECK
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C5
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CLAVICLES
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C6
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THUMB
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C7
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INDEX AND MIDDLE FINGER
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C8
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RING AND LITTLE FINGER
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T4
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NIPPLES
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T10
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UMBILICUS
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L1
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INGUINAL REGION
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L4
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KNEE AND MEDIAL SIDE OF GREAT TOE
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L5
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ANTERIOR ANKLE AND FEET
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S1
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LATEAL MARGIN OF FOOT AND LITTLE TOE
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S2
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RECTAL/PERIANAL
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HOW DO YOU TEST LONG TERM MEMORY ON THE MMSE?
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ASK PATIENT TO NAME THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTS IN ORDER (OR OTHER COMMONLY KNOWN EVENTS)
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HOW DO YOU TEST SHORT TERM MEMORY?
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TELL THE PATIENT THREE UNRELATED WORDS AND ASK THE PATIENT TO RECALL THE WORDS LATER IN THE EXAM
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HOW DO YOU TEST INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING?
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SERIAL 7'S- COUNT BACKWARDS FROM 100
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WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF ORIENTATION THAT YOU WILL TEST?
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AWARENESS OF PERSON, PLACE AND TIME
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WHAT CN RAISES THE EYELIDS?
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CN III
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WHAT CN CONTROLS MEDIAL AND DOWNWARD GAZE?
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CN IV
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WHAT CN WORKS THE SUPERIOR OBLIQUE?
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CN IV
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WHAT CRANIAL NERVE WORKED THE LATERAL RECTUS?
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CN VI
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WHAT CRANIAL NERVE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DOWNWARD GAZES?
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CN VI
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IS PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT A PARASYMPATHETIC OR SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE?
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PARASYMPATHETIC RESPONSE
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HOW IS SENSORY FUNCTION OF CN V TESTED?
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BY SHARP/DULL SENSATIONS IN ALL THREE DIVISIONS ON THE FACE
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HOW IS MOTOR FUNCTION OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE TESTED?
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BY JAW CLENCHING AND MASTICATION
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HOW IS CRANIAL NERVE VII TESTED?
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BY ASKING PATIENT TO MAKE DIFFERENT FACES AS WELL AS ATTEMPTING TO SEPARATE CLOSED EYELIDS
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HOW IS CN VIII TESTED?
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MASKED WHISPER TEST; WEBER AND RINNE TESTS
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WHEN THERE IS SENSORINEURAL LOSS, TO WHAT SIDE DOES WEBER LATERALIZE?
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TO THE GOOD EAR
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WHEN THERE IS SENSORINEURAL LOSS, WHAT IS THE RESULT OF THE RINNE TEST?
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AC > BC
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WHEN THERE IS CONDUCTIVE LOSS, TO WHAT SIDE DOES WEBER LATERALIZE?
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TO THE IMPAIRED EAT SINCE ROOM NOISE IS NOT WELL HEARD
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WHEN THER IS CONDUCTIVE LOSS, WHAT IS THE RESULT OF THE RINNE TEST?
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BC > OR = TO AC
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HOW DO YOU TEST CN IX?
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GAG REFLEX
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HOW DO YOU TEST CN X?
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MOTION OF THE SOFT PALATE AND UVULA ON "AHHH"
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HOW DO YOU TEST CN XI?
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SHOULDER SHRUG AND TURNING OF FACE AGAINST RESISTANCE
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WHAT CAN INJURY TO THE SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE CAUSE?
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DROOPING SHOULDER, MUSCLE ATROPHY, WEAKENED OR LIMITED ELEVATION OF THE ARM/SHOULDER, SHOULDER PAIN AND SCAPULA WINGING
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HOW DO YOU TEST CN XII?
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PROTRUSION OF TONGUE
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WHAT SPINAL PATHWAY? --PAIN AND TEMPERATURE?
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SPINOTHALAMIC
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WHAT PATHWAY? --POSITION AND VIBRATION
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POSTERIOR/DORSAL COLUMNS
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WHAT PATHWAY CARRIES LIGHT TOUCH?
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SPINOTHALAMIC TRACTS AND DORSAL COLUMNS
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HOW DO YOU DO SHARP/DULL TESTING?
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USE A BROKEN TONGUE DEPRESSOR; ASK PATIENT TO CLOSE EYES AND REPORT SHARP OR DULL SENSATION WHEN YOU TOUCH THEM WITH THE STICK
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HOW DO YOU TEST LIGHT TOUCH?
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WITH A COTTON SWAB IN THE SAME AREAS AS SHARP/DULL TOUCH
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WHICH TUNING FORK IS USED TO TEST VIBRATORY SENSATION?
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128 HZ
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WHERE DO TEST VIBRATORY SENSATION?
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AT THE DORSAL JOINTS OF THUMB AND GREAT TOE
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HOW DO YOU TEST PROPRIOCEPTION?
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BY HAVING THE PATIENT WITH EYES CLOSED REPORT IF THEIR LARGE TOE IS UP OR DOWN (MAKE SURE YOU HOLD SIDES OF TOES)
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WHAT IS STEREOGNOSIS?
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ABILITY TO IDENTIFY AN OBJECT BY FEELING IT
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IF STEREOGNOSIS IS ABNORMAL, WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
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LESION IN THE SENSORY CORTEX
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 0
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NO MOVEMENT
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 1
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MUSCLE BELLY MOVES BUT THE JOINT DOES NOT MOVE
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 2
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JOINT MOVES WITH GRAVITY ELIMINATED
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 3
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JOINT MOVES AGAINST GRAVITY
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 4
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JOINT MOVES AGAINST GRAVITY AND SOME RESISTANCE
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MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 5
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FULL STRENGTH
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DERMATOME FOR DELTOID
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C5
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DERMATOME: BICEPS
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C5, C6
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DERMATOME: TRICEPS
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C6, C7, C8
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DERMATOME: WRIST EXTENSORS
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C6, C7, C8
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DERMATOME FOR FOREARM FLEXORS AND FINGER FLEXION
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C7, C8, T1
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DERMATOME: FINGER ABDUCTION
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C8, T1
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DERMATOME: THUMB OPPOSITION
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C8, T1
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DERMATOME: HIP FLEXION
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L2, L3, L4
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DERMATOME: HIP EXTENSION
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S1
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DERMATOME: HIP ADDUCTION
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L2, L3, L4
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DERMATOME: HIP ABDUCTION
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L4, L5, S1
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DERMATOME: KNEE EXTENSION
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L2, L3, L4
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DERMATOME: KNEE FLEXION
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L4, L5, S1, S2
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DERMATOME: ANKLE DORSIFLEXION
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L4,L5
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DERMATOME: ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION
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S1, S2
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NERVE ROOT THAT INNERVATES THE EXTENSOR HALLICUS LONGUS
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L5 NERVE ROOT
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DTR 0
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NONE
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DTR 1
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REDUCED, REQUIRES REINFORCEMENT TO OBTAIN
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DTR 2- 3
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NORMAL
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DTR 4
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HYPERREFLEXIA, CLONUS, PATHOLOGICAL SPREAD
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USUAL ROOT LEVEL OF BICEPS REFLEX
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C5
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USUAL ROOT LEVEL OF BRACHIORADIALIS REFLEX
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C6
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USUAL ROOT LEVEL OF TRICEPS REFLEX
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C7
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USUAL ROOT LEVEL OF QUADRICEPS REFLEX
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L4
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USUAL ROOT LEVEL OF ACHILLES REFLEX
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S1
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WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PLANTAR RESPONSE REFLEX?
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BABINSKI'S RESPONSE
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NORMAL BABINSKI RESPONSE
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TOE FLEXION
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POSITIVE BABINSKI'S RESPONSE
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DORSIFLEXION OF THE BIG TE AND FANNING OF THE OTHER TOES
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WHERE IS THE LOCATION OF THE LESION IF THERE IS A POSITIVE BABINSKI'S RESPONSE?
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LESION IN CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
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HOW DO YOU TEST FOR ANKLE CLONUS?
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SHARPLY DORSIFLEX THE FOOT AND HOLD IT IN DORSIFLEXION WHILE LOOKING AND FEELING FOR OSCILLATIONS
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DESCRIBE HEEL TO SHIN TEST
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PATIENT RUNS THE HEEL OF ONE FOOT DOWN THE SHIN OF THE OTHER FOOT WITH EYES CLOSED; SHOULD BE EQUAL BILATERALLY
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DESCRIBE RAPID ALTERNATING MOVEMENTS
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HAVE PATIENT RAPIDLY ALTERNATE BETWEEN PRONATION AND SUPINATION WHILE TAPPING ON THEIR THIGHS; SHOULD BE SMOOTH AND RAPID
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WHAT IS DYSDIADOCHOKINESIA?
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ABNORMAL RAPID ALTERNATING MOVEMENTS
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DESCRIBE POINT TO POINT MOVEMENTS
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HAVE PATIENT TOUCH HIS NOSE THEN TOUCH YOUR MOVING FINGER. REPEAT SEVERAL TIMES.
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WHAT IS DYSMETRIA?
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INABILITY TO PERFORM POINT TO POINT MOVEMENTS
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR GAITS WE TEST AS PART OF THE CEREBELLAR EXAM?
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NORMAL, HEEL TO TOE, TOES ONLY, AND HEELS ONLY
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DESCRIBE RHOMBERG TEST.
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HAVE PATIENT STAND WITH THEIR HEELS TOGETHER; ASK THE PATIENT TO REMAIN STILL AND CLOSE THEIR EYES; IF THE PATIENT LOSES THEIR BALANCE, THE TEST IS POSITIVE
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DESCRIBE PRONATOR DRIFT TEST
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ASK PATIENT TO EXTEND AND RAISE BOTH ARMS, THEN CLOSE HIS EYES; POSITIVE PRONATOR DRIFT- AFFECTED ARM WILL PRONATE AND FALL
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WHAT ARE THE TWO MENINGEAL SIGNS?
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BRUDZINKI'S NECK SIGN 9FLEX NECK WHEN PATIENT IS LYING FLAT, THE KNEES WILL COME UP); KERNIG'S SIGN- WHEN THE HIP IS FLEXED, THERE IS PAIN ON PASSIVE FLEXION OF THE KNEE
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