Ipapburke Neuro Test 1- Lecture 3

Front 1

EXAMPLES OF CENTRAL PROCESSES THAT CAUSE WEAKNESS

Back 1

STROKE, TUMOR, MS

Front 2

EXAMPLES OF PERIPHERAL PROCESSES THAT CAUSE WEAKNESS

Back 2

NERVE DAMAGE, MUSCLE PROCESS LIKE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, OR FROM DECONDITIONING

Front 3

SUDDEN ONSET WEAKNESS- CAUSE

Back 3

VASCULAR/STROKE PROCESS

Front 4

GRADUALLY PROGRESSIVE, WAXING AND WANING- CAUSE

Back 4

INFLAMMATORY, DEGENERATIVE, DEMYELINATING

Front 5

DIFFUSE WEAKNESS AFFECTING ALL MUSCLES EQUALLY

Back 5

SYSTEMIC INFECTION/PROCESS; DEF THINK ABOUT THE MEDICATIONS ON THIS ONE

Front 6

ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION OF WEAKNESS

Back 6

PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY/PLEXOPATHY (I.E. HERNIATED SPINAL DISK, COMPRESSIVE NEUROPATHY, BELL'S PALSY)

Front 7

WAXING AND WANING SYMPTOMS WITH RANDOM DISTRIBUTION

Back 7

MS

Front 8

THINGS YOU SHOULD FOCUS ON IN A PE OF WEAKNESS

Back 8

MUSCLE APPEARANCE WITH CLOTHES OFF; MUSCLE TONE (ROM); STRENGTH TESTING; REFLEXES; SENSORY TESTING; GAIT

Front 9

ATROPHY

Back 9

SHRINKING OF MUSCLES

Front 10

FASCICULATIONS

Back 10

VISIBLE IRREGULAR, SPONTANEOUS FLICKERING OF MUSCLE FIBERS (WORMS)

Front 11

HYPERTONIA

Back 11

SPASTICITY- IMPLIES UNM LESION; RIGIDITY- IMPLIES EXTRAPYRIMIDAL FUNCTION

Front 12

HYPTONIA

Back 12

IMPLIES LOWER MOTOR NEURON OR MYOPATHY

Front 13

PLEGIA

Back 13

PARALYSIS

Front 14

HYPERREFLEXIA- LMN OR UMN

Back 14

UMN LESION

Front 15

HYPOREFLEXIA- LMN OR UMN

Back 15

LMN LESION

Front 16

HYPOTONIA- LMN OR UMN

Back 16

LMN LESION OR MYOPATHY

Front 17

LATERALIZATION- UMN OR LMN

Back 17

TYPICALLY UMN ON THE BRISK SIDE

Front 18

FOCAL DEFICIT- INJURY WHERE?

Back 18

ROOT/PLEXUS/PERIPHERAL NERVE

Front 19

COURSE OF UMN

Back 19

RUN FROM MOTOR CORTEX IN BRAIN DOWN THE SPINAL CORD (CORTICOSPINAL TRACT0 AND TERMINATE IN THE ANTERIRO HORN OF SPINAL CORD

Front 20

WHAT TYPE OF NEURON IS UMN?

Back 20

INHIBITORY NEURON- WHEN IT IS WORKING, IT TURNS OFF THE LMN

Front 21

WHAT DO THE LMN CONNECT?

Back 21

THE SPINAL CORD TO THE TARGET MUSCLE

Front 22

WHERE DO LMN GET THEIR INPUT?

Back 22

FROM UMN

Front 23

WHERE DO LMN TRAVEL?

Back 23

FROM THE SPINE THROUGH THE PERIPHERY AND TERMINATE AT THE NM JUNCTION

Front 24

WHAT TYPE OF NERVES ARE LMN?

Back 24

ACTIVATING NERVES- THEY FIRE AND MAKE MUSCLES TWITCH

Front 25

TYPES OF FORCES THAT LMN'S ARE SUBJECT TO?

Back 25

TRAUMA, COMPRESSION, TEMP EXTREMES- B/C THEY ARE IN THE PERIPHERY

Front 26

POSITIVE BABINSKI- LMN OR UMN

Back 26

UMN INJURY

Front 27

NEGATIVE OR ABSENT BABINSKI

Back 27

LMN INJURY

Front 28

SPASCTICITY- UMN OR LMN

Back 28

UMN

Front 29

MUSCLE WASTING- UMN OR LMN

Back 29

LMN INJURY

Front 30

NO MUSCLE ATROPHY UNTIL LATE IN THE DISEASE PROCESS- LMN OR UMN

Back 30

UMN

Front 31

QUADRIPLEGIA, PARAPLEGIA, ALS- UMN OR LMN

Back 31

UMN DISEASE

Front 32

CARPAL TUNNEL, NERVE LACERATION, ALS- UMN OR LMN

Back 32

LMN DISEASE

Front 33

HEMIPLEGIC GAIT

Back 33

UNILATERAL WEAKNESS OR SPASTICITY- UPPER EXTREMITY IN FLEXION, LOWER IN EXTENSION; PATIENT CIRCUMDUCTS OR SWINGS LEG AROUND TO STEP

Front 34

HEMIPLEGIC GAIT- MOST OFTEN UMN OR LMN

Back 34

UMN- STROKE

Front 35

DIPLEGIC GAIT AKA SCISSOR GAIT

Back 35

SPASTICITY IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES GREATER THAN UPPER; HIPS AND KNEES ARE FLEXED AND ADDUCTED WITH THE ANKLES EXTENDED/INTERNALLY ROTATED; CIRCUMDUCTS LOWER EXTREMITIES; UPPER EXTREMITIES IN LOW GUARD POSITION

Front 36

WHAT LESIONS OFTEN CAUSE DIPLEGIC GAIT?

Back 36

PERIVENTRICULAR LESIONS (I.E. ISCHEMIC STROKES)

Front 37

NEUROPATHIC GAIT AKA STEPPAGE GAIT

Back 37

IN PERIPHERAL NERVE DZ; DISTAL LOWER EXTREMITY; PATIENT HAS HIGH STEPPING GAIT- SLAPS IN ORDER TO KEEP TOED FROM DRAGGING

Front 38

CAUSES OF NEUROPATHIC GAIT

Back 38

SENSORY NEUROPATHY, VITAMIN B12, TABES DORSALIS (TERTIARY SYPHILIS)

Front 39

MYOPATHIC GAIT

Back 39

PROXIMAL PELVIC GIRDLE MUSCLES; CAN'T STABILIZE PELVIS SO IT TILTS TOWARD NON WEIGHT BEARING LEG; WADDLE

Front 40

ATAXIC GAIT

Back 40

WIDE BASED; TRUNCAL INSTABILITY; LURCHING AND IRREGULAR; LATERAL VEERING AND MAYBE FALLING

Front 41

TYPES OF DISEASES WHERE YOU WOULD SEE ATAXIC GAIT

Back 41

MIDLINE CEREBELLAR DISEASE, SEVERE LOSS OF PROPRIOCEPTION (SENSORY ATAXIA) AND INTOXICATION

Front 42

IMAGING BEST FOR BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND SOFT TISSUE

Back 42

MRI

Front 43

MS TRIAD

Back 43

INFLAMMATION, DEMYELINATION, AND GLIOSIS (SCARRING)

Front 44

POPULATION W/ HIGHEST INCIDENCE MS

Back 44

WOMEN 2X MORE, AGES 20 TO 40, INCREASES WITH DISTANCE FROM THE MS

Front 45

WHAT DO THE SYMPTOMS AND SEVERITY OF MS DEPEND ON FROM PATIENT TO PATIENT?

Back 45

THEY DEPEND ON THE SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PLAQUE

Front 46

DISEASE WITH SCATTERED AREAS OF DEMYELINATION WITH REACTIVE GLIOSIS THAT OCCUR ONLY IN THE CNS, OFTEN PERIVENTRICULAR

Back 46

MS

Front 47

WHAT IS THE MOA OF MS?

Back 47

AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISM DIRECTED AGAINST MYELIN ANTIGENS

Front 48

WHAT DOES DEMYELINATION IN MS CAUSE?

Back 48

SLOWED NERVE CONDUCTION AND NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS (BUT DOES NOT DESTROY NERVE TOTALLY0

Front 49

SYMPTOMS OF MS

Back 49

ANY NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS--TRANSIENT AND VARIED---EPISODES OF SENSORY LOSS, OPTIC NEURITIS, WEAKNESS, PARETHESIS, DIPLOPIA

Front 50

DISTURBANCE IN THE FUNCTION OF A NERVE

Back 50

NEUROPATHY

Front 51

SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHIES

Back 51

CALLED TAHT BECAUSE THE MOTOR, SENSORY, AND REFLEC CHANGES ARE PRESENT

Front 52

GUILLIAN-BARRE, MONO, HEPATITIS, AND LEAD POISONING- SENSORY OR MOTOR

Back 52

MOTOR

Front 53

ABNORMAL SPONTANEOUS SENSATION OF BURNING, TINGLING, OR PINS AND NEEDLES

Back 53

PARESTHESIA

Front 54

SENSORY SYMPTOMS OF PARESTHESIA OR NUMBNESS ALONG THE DISTRIBUTION OF A DERMATOME

Back 54

RADICULOPATHY

Front 55

PLEXOPATHY

Back 55

WEAKNESS OF SENSORY SYMPTOMS IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF A NERVE PLEXUS

Front 56

PLEXUS INJURIES INVOLVE THE NERVE PLEXUS _____ TO THE SPINAL ROOTS BUT PROXIMAL TO THE FORMATION OF THE __________ NERVES.

Back 56

DISTAL; PERIPHERAL

Front 57

NONSPECIFIC WAY TO DENOTE FATIGUE OR LOSS OF ENERGY OR DRIVE; CORRECT DEFINITION IS A LOSS OF MUSCLE POWER

Back 57

WEAKNESS

Front 58

GLIOSIS

Back 58

PROLIFERATION OF ASTROCYTES IN DAMAGED AREAS OF THE CNS; LEADS TO FORMATION OF A GLIAL SCAR

Front 59

MOST IMPORTANT HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SIGN OF CNS INJURY

Back 59

ACCUMULATION OF ASTROCYTES IN A DAMAGED AREA

Front 60

APPEARANCE IN THE CSF OF INCREASES PROTEIN FROM IGG THAT DEMONSTRATES OLIGOCLONAL BANDS ON ELECTROPHORESIS IS CONSISTENT WITH WHAT DISEASE

Back 60

MS

Front 61

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MS

Back 61

AUTOIMMUNE MECHANISM DIRECTED AGAINST MYELIN ANTIGENS

Front 62

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF OPTIC NEURITIS

Back 62

MS

Front 63

INFLAMMATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE

Back 63

OPTIC NEURITIS

Front 64

TX FOR OPTIC NEURITIS

Back 64

IMMUNOTHERAPY TO INCLUDE STEROIDS

Front 65

CHANGES NOTED ON EXAM WITH OPTIC NEURITIS

Back 65

UNILATERAL VISION LOSS, SCOTOMATA ON VISUAL FIELD TESTING; OPTIC DISK IS SWOLLEN AND BLURRED; PUPILS SLOW TO REACT

Front 66

COMORBID SYMPTOMS ALONG WITH OPTIC NEURITIS IN MS

Back 66

HEADACHE, ORBITAL PAIN, EYE PAIN THAT IS EXACERBATED BY EYE MOVEMENT

Front 67

DESCRIBE LIMB WEAKNESS IN MS

Back 67

LOSS OF STRENGTH, FATIGUE, OR GAIT DISTURBANCE; EXERCISE INDUCED; UMN TYPE- SPASTICITY, BABINSKI SIGN, HYPERREFLEXIA