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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inflammation of the brain
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encephalitis
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Most common- viral or bacterial
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viral
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Cerebritis
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bacterial encephalitis
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Virus directly invades your brain and spinal cord- primary or secondary encephalitis
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primary
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Virus first infects another part of your body and then enters your brain
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secondary encephalitis
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Childhood disease that can cause encephalitis
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measles, mumps, and rubella
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Viruses that cause encephalitis
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HSV, Varicella zoster, M, M,R, Arboviruses, rabies, Toxoplasmosis
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Portals of entry are _________ specific.
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virus
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Portal of entry for arbovirus encephalitis
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mosquito or tick inoculation
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Viruses more likely to cause Encephalitis in immunocompromised
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Toxo, Varicella Zoster, CMV
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What happen once organism crosses BBB?
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enters neural cells, disruption in cell function, perivascular congestion, inflammatory response, diffuse effect on gray matter, and regional tropism or focal pathology
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S/S of encephalitis
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fever with HA, N/V, behavioral and personality changes, decreased level of consciousness, stiff neck, photophobia, lethargy, seizures, acute confusion or amnestic state, flaccid paralysis
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MC physical sign of encephalitis
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altered mental status
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Physical findings in encephalitis
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AMS, focal findings, movement disorders, ataxia, cranial nerve deficits, dysphagia, and meningismus
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Diagnostic test for encephalitis
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head CT with and without contrast and then LP to look for elevated ICP, obstructive hydrocephalus, and mass effect
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Is CT or MRI more likely to show abnormalities in encephalitis?
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MRI
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_______ analysis is essential.
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CSF
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General tx for encephalitis (mostly supportive)
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manage airway, fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition, tx secondary infection, hyperpyrexia, and manage ICP
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How do you manage ICP?
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head elevation, diuresis, mannitol, seizures
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Where is HSV encephalitis MC?
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in western countries, but still rare
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How does latent HSV spread to the CNS?
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through the olfactory tracts
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What is the sequalea of HSV encephalitis?
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100% long term motor and mental disabilities; 50-75% mortality
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Brainstem encephalitis- HSV 1 or 2?
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HSV 1
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Encephalitis that may produce a myelitis- HSV 1 pr 2?
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HSV 2
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S/S of HSE
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anterior opercular syndrome, psych symptoms, global aphasia
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Study if you suspect HSE
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PCR DNA, CT scan will show low density lesions in 2/3 on the temporal lobes 2-3 days after onset
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HSE tx
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same supportive care as other encephalitis and Acyclovir
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Vector for Arbovirus
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mosquito or tick inoculation
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months when Arbovirus is present
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between June and October
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What is the source of infection for mosquitos?
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birds
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