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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Members of Phylum Porifera are called
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sponges
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'porifera' means
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pore-bearing
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do sponges have 'tissues'?
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-no they consist of a complex grouping of cells that are not organized and therefore don't form tissues, organs, etc
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sessile
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live attached to the substratum (ex rocks, pier pilings)
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what is the skeleton of a sponge made up of?
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silica or calcium carbonate spicules + protein that connects the spicules together into a sponge shape
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filter feeder
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filter particles out of the water by drawing water in through incurrent pores and out through excurrent pores
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what do sponges eat?
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bacteria & phytoplankton
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how to sponges reproduce
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sexually (when male and female gametes join)
asexually (when a piece breaks off and grows) |
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where do most sponges live?
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-they are found all over the globe in all marine habitats
-but most occur in shallow, TROPICAL waters |
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are there separate sexes in sponges?
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most sponges are hermaphrodites
-however some species have separate males and females |
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Sponges are broadcast spawners. What does that mean?
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they release gametes into the water
-sponges release sperm into the water and it becomes retained in the body of another sponge, uniting with the egg |
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what is metamorphosis in sponges?
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the drastic change from larvae to adult
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Cnidaria means..
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with nematocysts
-ALL cnidarians have nematocysts -it is a key characteristic of this phylum |
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what are nematocysts?
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stinging cells
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do cnidarians have tissues?
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-yes, they are specialized for different functions
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what kind of symmetry do cnidarians have?
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radial (similar parts are arranged around a central axis)
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what two surfaces do cnidarians have?
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oral (mouth side)
aboral (non-mouth side) |
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what are the two basic body forms of cnidarians?
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polyp
medusa |
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what is a polyp?
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it is a cnidaria that is attached to a surface
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what is a medusa?
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basically an upside down polyp adapted for swimming
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do medusas and polyps have the same body plan?
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yes
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how do cnidarians reproduce?
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they are broadcast spawners
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do cnidarians have a nervous system?
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yes a basic one called a 'nerve net'
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how many classes are within the Phylum Cnidaria? What are they?
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four
1. Class Hydrozoa 2. Class Scyphozoa 3. Class Cubozoa 4. Class Anthozoa |
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Class Hydrozoa
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-mainly feathery small organisms that attach themselves to something
-can cause a painful sting with their nematocysts |
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what is considered the longest organism in the ocean?
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Siphonophore
-drifting colonies of polyps -type of hydrozoa |
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What class is the Portuguese Man O' War in?
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Hydrozoa
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Class Scyphozoa
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includes most of the large sea jellies
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Class Cubozoa
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-includes the most dangerous marine organisms= box jellyfish
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Where are box jellyfish found? And what damage do they cause?
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-found ONLY in N Australia, Philippines, and the Indian Ocean
-cause heart failure and severe scars |
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Class Anthozoa
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most animals in the phylum Cnidaria fall into this class
ex: sea anemones, corals, sea pens |
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what are gorgonians?
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colonial anthozoans
-secrete a tough branching skelleton ex: sea fans |
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What are precious corals?
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gorgonians with fused red or pink calcareous
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what are black corals?
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neither gorgonians or precious coral
-they secrete a hard black protein skeleton |
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Phylum Ctenophora
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-comb jellies
-have 8 rows of ciliary combs that beat in waves for locomotion |
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what does ctenophora mean?
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bearer of combs
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do comb jellies have nematocysts?
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no
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what limbs are unique to comb jellies?
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colloblasts
-two long tentacles with sticky cells (rather than stinging cells) to catch prey |
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What are the organisms in the Phylum Platyhelminthes called?
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flatworms
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what kind of symmetry do flatworms have?
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bilateral symmetry
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do flatworms have organs?
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yes
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do flatworms have a brain?
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yes!
-they have a simple nervous system too |
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do flatworms have muscles?
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yes
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do flatworms have different sexes?
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no, they are all hermaphrodites
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what is the largest group of flatworms called?
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-the termatode parasites
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what is the common name for the trematode flatworm?
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tapeworms
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what is the longest tapeworm recorded and how long was it?
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a species found in whales
-40 m (130 ft) |
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what is a ribbon worm? where are they found? what is their significant feature which they use to capture prey?
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-they are from the Phylum Nematoda
-they are found in shallow temperate waters -they use a proboscis, long fleshy tube used to entangle prey |
