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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what organisms are in the Phylum Nematoda?
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roundworms
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where do roundworms live?
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in the sand
-they are rarely observed |
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define detritivores?
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an organism that feeds on bacteria and organic matter
-these organisms are very important to the food chain ex: nematodes |
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roundworms are mainly...
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parasites
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what is the sashimi parasite?
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the larval state of a roundworm that lives in fish
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what type of animals are part of the Phylum Annelida?
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segmented worms
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what phylum are terrestrial earthworms part of?
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Phylum Annelida
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what is the most important class to know that belongs to Phylum Annelida
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Class Polychaeta
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what organisms are in the Class Polychaeta?
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-almost ALL marine annelids
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what are some important characteristics of the class Polychaeta?
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-use gills to obtain oxygen from water
-mainly live in tubes and are called TUBEWORMS |
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what phylum are peanut worms part of?
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Phylum Sipuncula
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where are peanut worms found and why are they called peanut worms?
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-they are found in shallow water, hiding in rocks, corals and empty shells
-they are called peanut worms because they look like a large peanut |
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what does Mollusca mean?
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-soft body + hard shell
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what are mollusk shells usually made out of?
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calcium carbonate
(similar to our bones) |
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what Phylum has more species in the ocean than any other group?
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Phylum Mollusca
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how do mollusks move around?
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they have a muscular "foot"
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what is a radula?
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-characteristic of mollusks
-ribbonlike tongue with small teeth made of chitin |
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how do mollusks breathe?
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they have gills
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do mollusks have an open or closed circulatory system?
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their circulatory system is OPEN
-blood flows in open space -->this is not very effective since oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood is mixed, therefore mollusks move very slowly |
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do mollusks have a nervous system?
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-yes a very complex one, complete with brain, nerves, etc
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four main classes of Mollusks
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1. Class Bivaliva
2. Class Gastropoda 3. Class Cephalopoda 4. Class Polyplacophora |
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what does bivaliva mean?
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2 valves, 2 shells
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what class are clams, mussels, oysters and scallops part of?
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Bivaliva
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do bivalves have a radula?
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no, they are filter feeders
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what do bivalves use to eat and breathe?
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a siphon that extends from inside the shell
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True or False
Oysters use cement to adhere to substratum? |
true
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how do bivalves reproduce?
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via broadcast spawning
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what is the mantle cavity in a bivalve?
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the shell is lined by the mantle & the whole body lies in the mantle cavity
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how are pearls formed?
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they are created when the oyster secretes shiny layers of calcium carbonate to coat irritating particles or parasites trapped in the mantle
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what are cultured pearls?
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they are obtained by carefully inserting a tiny piece of shell or plastic into the mantle
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do all scallops live attached to a hard surface?
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no, some of them swim freely
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what is the largest bivalve and how large can it get?
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the giant clam
-it can grow to more than 1 meter in length (3 ft) |
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what does GASTROPODA mean?
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"stomach footed", 1 or no shell
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snails, abalone, sea hares and limpets are all part of what class?
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Class Gastropoda
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are gastropods herbivores or carnivores?
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there are some of each
-some use a radula to scrape algae off rocks -some eat clams, oysters and even small fish |
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what kind of gastropod can kill humans?
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the cone snail
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how do gastropods reproduce?
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via internal fertilization
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what are nudibranchs?
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-subclass of gastropods
-they have lost their shell -they use nematocysts from their prey for defense |
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what does CEPHALOPODA mean?
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"head footed"
1 or no shell |
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what class are octopi, squid, cuttlefish and chambered nautilus part of?
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Class Cephalopoda
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do cephlapods have a nervous system?
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yes a complex nervous system
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how do cephlapods reproduce?
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-internal fertilization with a modified arm
-they often die after they spawn/brood |
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how do cephlapods swim?
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they force water out of their siphon
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where do octopi live?
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mainly live on the bottom
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where do squid live?
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in the open ocean
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what organisms are part of the Class Polyplacophora?
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chitons
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what does POLYPLACOPHORA mean?
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"bearer of many plates"
-8 plates to be exact |
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where do chitons live?
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on rocky shores and tidepools
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are chitons herbivores or carnivores?
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herbivores
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what are scapohopods, where do they live and how do they eat?
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-tusk shells, they have a long shell that open at the top that tapers off into an elephant tusk
-they live in sandy or muddy bottoms -they eat young bivalves or other small organisms |
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what is a spermatophore?
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an elongated packet of sperm that is inserted into the female via a modified arm
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