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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Protozoa |
All are unicellar eukaryotes lacking collagen and chitinous cell wells; all are nonphotosynthetic in the primitive condition |
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Plasmalemma |
the cell wall that bounds the protozoan entire body, which happens to be structurally and chemically identical to that of multicellular organisms |
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Ectoplasm |
The Gelatinous outer region |
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Endoplasm |
The inner more fluid region |
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Contractile vacuoles |
Are organelles that expel excess water from the cytoplasm. |
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Spongiome |
A system of membranous vesicles and tubules that collect the fluid form the cytoplasm |
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Trichocytes |
Elongated capsules that can be triggered by a variety of mechanical and/or chemical stimuli to discharge a long, thin filament. |
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Toxicysts |
Filaments discharged from toxicysts paralyze prey and initiate digestion. |
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Extrusomes |
Organelles capable of ejectability |
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Pseudopodia |
Flowing cytoplasmic fingers |
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Volume Regulation |
Maintaining a constant body volume |
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Osmotic Regulation |
Maintaining a constant intracellular solute concentraction |
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Basal Body |
Gives rise to the cilium |
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Kinetosome |
Basal body |
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Microtubules |
Long rods found w/i the cilium |
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Tubulin |
A protein the composes the microtubules |
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Central Sheath |
The two microtubules form the central shaft of the cilium, are surrounded by this membrane |
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Axoneme |
The entire microtubular complex, consisting of nine doublet microtubules and inner pair of single microtubules |
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Power Stroke |
The stroke of the cilium that propel the organism in the opposing direction. (move opposite of the organisms direction of travel) |
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Recovery Stroke |
The stroke of the cilium that places the cilium in the start position of power stroke. (move in the same direction of the organisms direction of travel) |
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Undulipodia |
The name of the eukaryote cilia and flagella due to the great difference b/t them and bacteria flagella |
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Mastigonemes |
The hair like projection that are present on a flagella |
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Lobopodia |
They are broad w/ rounded tips, like fingers and bear a hyaline cap |
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Hyaline Cap |
A distinctly clear ectoplasmic area located near the tip the lobopodia |
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Filopodia |
They are broad w/ rounded tips, like fingers and lacking a hyaline cap |
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Gel |
the gelatinous ectoplasmic form of cytoplasm |
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Sol |
The more fluid, endoplasmic form |
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Reticulopodia |
Extremely thin filaments branch and coalesce repeatedly in highly complex patterns and exhibit a characteristic and striking bidirectional streaming. |
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Fission |
A controlled mitotic replication of chromosomes and splitting of the parent into 2 or more parts |
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Binary Fission |
Fission that results in only 2 individuals |
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Multiple Fission |
Fission that result in more than 2 individuals |
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Budding |
A portion of the parent breaks off and differentiates to form a new, complete individual |
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Plasmotomy |
In multinucleate sp. the parent simply divides in 2 in the absence of any mitotic division, the original nuclei being distributed b/t the 2 daughter cells |
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encystment |
The organism dedifferentiates substantially. loss of all distinctive surface features and becomes round. The contractile vacuoles the pump out all excess water form the cytoplasm, and a covering is secreted |
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Cyst |
The covering that is secreted during encystment which soon harden for protection. |
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Excystment |
The quickly ensues and all former internal and external structures are regenerated form the encystment form |
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Food Vacuole |
a membrane that surround food particles |
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Phagosome |
Food vacuole |
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Colonial |
A single individual divides asexually to form a colony of attached, genetically identical individuals |
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Alveoli |
Very distinctive membrane-bound sacs, just below the outer cell membrane |
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Metachronal |
coordinated beating of the cilia in each row |
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Kinetodesemos |
A striated fibril |
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Undulating membrane |
Groups of cilia are functionally associated in such a way as to form discrete organelles, a flattened sheet of cilia that moves as a single unit |
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Membranelle |
A smaller number of cilia in several adjacent rows appear to lean toward each other, forming, in effect, a 2-dimensional triangular form |
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Cirrus |
Cilia forming a discrete bundle, which tapper to a point toward the tip. |
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Cytostome |
(Cyto=G. Cell, Stoma=G. mouth) The mouth opening, may be located anteriorly, laterally, or ventrally on the body |
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Pellicle |
Covering of the body by an often complex series of membranes. Maybe rigid or highly flexible, depending upon how the membranes are organized, and may serve as supportive structure. |
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Alveoli |
The inner membranes, lying beneath the single plasmalemma enveloping the body, form a series of elongated, flattened vesicles |
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Dimorphic |
Possessing 2 types of nuclei |
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Heterokaryotic |
Different Nucleus |
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Monomorphic |
possessing one type of nucleus |
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Homokaryotic |
(Homo=G. A like, Karyo=G. Nucleus) |
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Macronuclei |
In dimorphic organisms the larger of the two types of nuclei |
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Micronuclei |
In dimorphic organism the smaller of the two types of nuclei, also they are diploid and often more abundant |
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Conjugation |
A temporary physical association b/t 2 individuals during which genetic material is exchanged. The exchange takes place through a tube connecting the cytoplasm of the 2 individuals |
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Pronuclei |
4 haploid nuclei that are derived form the micronucleus via meiosis |
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synkaryon |
Restoring the diploid condition. A nucleus formed by the fusion of the pronucleus form one individual w/ its partner's pronucleus |
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Test |
A rigid, protective encasement |
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Sessile |
Permanently attached to a living or nonliving substrate |
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Holozic |
They ingest particulate food |
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Raptorial |
They hunt and ingest living prey |
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Haptocyts |
Membrane bound organelles that aid in maintaining contact with the prey |
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Definitive host |
the only type of host that a parasite can reach adulthood in |
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Vectors |
agents of transfer b/t definitive host |
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intermediate hosts |
Vectors |
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Hyperparasites |
Parasites w/i the bodies of other parasites |
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The Gymnamoebae |
individuals possess shapeless (amoeboid) bodies, w/ wide, bunt (lobose) or thin, pointy psuedopodia |
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Pinocytosis |
small pseudopodia are formed, capturing extremely small particulates of fluids rich in dissolved organic matter |
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The Arcellinids |
Test-Bearing amoebae |
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Plasmodium |
cell membranes are lost to form a large immobile syncytial mass. |
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Pseudoplasmodium |
individual cell membranes persist. |
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Sporangia |
fruiting bodies |
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Reticulopodia |
Thin extensively branching pseudopodia, that project from minute openings in the test |
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Axopodia |
The pseudopodia and their thin microtubules supports |
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Stigma |
Red, cup-shaped, photosensitive organelle |
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Autotrophic |
Self-nourishing through photosynthesis |
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Zooflagellates |
The most strictly animal-like flagellate sp. are free-living in freshwater, saltwater, or soil. |
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Microvilli |
closely spaced protoplasmic strands |
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Kinetoplast |
Dark-staining disc of DNA |
