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21 Cards in this Set

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Sessile
e.g. sponge, coral (can't move) likely to be filter feeders where the intake of food does not involve hunting or gathering
Filter Feeding
an organism that feeds on organisms much smaller than itself that are suspended in water or air by means of a straining system
Protostome
if blastophore becomes a mouth, ventral nerve cord, brain surrounds entrance of digestive tract
Deuterostome
if blastophore becomes anus, dorsal nerve cord, most have internal skeletons instead of exoskeletons
diploblastic and triploblastic
2 layers:
ectoderm
endoderm

3 layers
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
endoderm
ectoderm- the outer most layer of the three embryonic germ layers first delineated during gastrulation

mesoderm- the middle layer of three embryonic germ layers first dilineated during gastrulation

endoderm- the inner most of the three embryonic germ layer delineated during gastrulation
asymmetry
having no shape or irregular shape
bilateral vs radial symmetry
bilateral- cut in halk, has a front and back (anterior and posterior) and top and bottom (dorsal and ventral)

radial-shape is similar all around main axis
Coelomic Cavity
acoelomate- no body cavity beyond gut itself

psuedocoelomate- an additional space, between the gut and the body wall of mesoderm and ectoderm. it is considered a false space as it is not surrounded by mesoderm

coelomate- this body cavity is a true coelom because it occurs as a split in the mesoderm such that the gut and internal organs can move independently from the body wall aided by its own muscle layer (derived from mesoderm) in the coelomic space
Segmentation
division or body parts as animal increase in size or complexity. Very important for specialization, not always visible from outside and gives organism better control over its movement.
Appendage
additional structure, external attachments or extension to facilitate movement. Other appendages have other functions such as antennae, mouth parts and claws
Budding/Fragmentation
asexual reproduction in which a more or less complete new organism grows from the body of the parent organism, eventually detaching itself
Cnidarian with cnidocytes
Cnidarian- jellyfish, coral, sea pen, radially symmetrical- round shape with extending tentacles, carnivores- use toxin to subdue and catch their prey, stinging organelles at the end of tentacles. Cnidocytes – these stinging cells give the group its name
Gastrovascular cavity
a catch- all for digestion, circulation and gas exchange, also serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.
medusa
jellyfish – umbrella with tentacles hanging down, mobile and productive. Polyp and medusa stages chair a similar body plan, just upside down, one is stationary and one is mobile.
polyp
are surrounded by skeleton of calcium carbonate, new generations form on top of those that have died, the skeletal remains can form large chains of islands and reefs.
planula
Planula- settles down and attaches to the bottom of water and becomes a polyp
mesoglea
a thick gelatinous noncellular layer that separates the two cellular tissue layers as ctenophores,, cnidarians, scyphozoans
coral
thrive in clear water with endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae. Reef ecosystems are in decline worldwide due to human activity.
Hydra
Polyp stage is the dominant stage can be solitary or colonial. Some hydrozoans can be mobile medusa only. Reproduction through budding, or in a colony can become medusa to reproduce sexually.
Portuguese Man-of-war
A colonial hydrozoan- large floating balloon from which hang tentacles of stinging cells.