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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sessile
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e.g. sponge, coral (can't move) likely to be filter feeders where the intake of food does not involve hunting or gathering
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Filter Feeding
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an organism that feeds on organisms much smaller than itself that are suspended in water or air by means of a straining system
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Protostome
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if blastophore becomes a mouth, ventral nerve cord, brain surrounds entrance of digestive tract
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Deuterostome
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if blastophore becomes anus, dorsal nerve cord, most have internal skeletons instead of exoskeletons
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diploblastic and triploblastic
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2 layers:
ectoderm endoderm 3 layers ectoderm mesoderm endoderm |
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Ectoderm
Mesoderm endoderm |
ectoderm- the outer most layer of the three embryonic germ layers first delineated during gastrulation
mesoderm- the middle layer of three embryonic germ layers first dilineated during gastrulation endoderm- the inner most of the three embryonic germ layer delineated during gastrulation |
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asymmetry
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having no shape or irregular shape
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bilateral vs radial symmetry
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bilateral- cut in halk, has a front and back (anterior and posterior) and top and bottom (dorsal and ventral)
radial-shape is similar all around main axis |
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Coelomic Cavity
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acoelomate- no body cavity beyond gut itself
psuedocoelomate- an additional space, between the gut and the body wall of mesoderm and ectoderm. it is considered a false space as it is not surrounded by mesoderm coelomate- this body cavity is a true coelom because it occurs as a split in the mesoderm such that the gut and internal organs can move independently from the body wall aided by its own muscle layer (derived from mesoderm) in the coelomic space |
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Segmentation
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division or body parts as animal increase in size or complexity. Very important for specialization, not always visible from outside and gives organism better control over its movement.
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Appendage
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additional structure, external attachments or extension to facilitate movement. Other appendages have other functions such as antennae, mouth parts and claws
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Budding/Fragmentation
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asexual reproduction in which a more or less complete new organism grows from the body of the parent organism, eventually detaching itself
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Cnidarian with cnidocytes
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Cnidarian- jellyfish, coral, sea pen, radially symmetrical- round shape with extending tentacles, carnivores- use toxin to subdue and catch their prey, stinging organelles at the end of tentacles. Cnidocytes – these stinging cells give the group its name
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Gastrovascular cavity
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a catch- all for digestion, circulation and gas exchange, also serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.
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medusa
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jellyfish – umbrella with tentacles hanging down, mobile and productive. Polyp and medusa stages chair a similar body plan, just upside down, one is stationary and one is mobile.
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polyp
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are surrounded by skeleton of calcium carbonate, new generations form on top of those that have died, the skeletal remains can form large chains of islands and reefs.
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planula
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Planula- settles down and attaches to the bottom of water and becomes a polyp
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mesoglea
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a thick gelatinous noncellular layer that separates the two cellular tissue layers as ctenophores,, cnidarians, scyphozoans
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coral
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thrive in clear water with endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae. Reef ecosystems are in decline worldwide due to human activity.
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Hydra
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Polyp stage is the dominant stage can be solitary or colonial. Some hydrozoans can be mobile medusa only. Reproduction through budding, or in a colony can become medusa to reproduce sexually.
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Portuguese Man-of-war
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A colonial hydrozoan- large floating balloon from which hang tentacles of stinging cells.
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