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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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have a true spinal cord that is not surrounded by bones or protective structures.
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invertebrate animals
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commonly known as soft bodied animals. all species have a complete digestive system and an open circulatory system.
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mollusca
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blood spills into body cavities called hemocoels, at least once in it's circulation through the body.
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open circulatory system
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region of a mollusk's body containing most of the vital organs except for the lung/gill.
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visceral mass
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body cavity containing the gill or lung and lined by membranes that produce the animal's shell (if present)
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mantle
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muscular organ used for crawling, swimming, or capturing prey. single organ or a series of tentacles.
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foot
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file or beak-like mouth part used to rake food into mouth or inject venom. shellfish are the only mollusk without. (some species do not have)
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radila
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smallest and rarest. have wormlike bodies. found along most of the world's coastlines where they survive as scavengers.
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shell-less mollusks
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coastal organisms that feed on algae growing on rocks. body is covered by a dome shaped shell that in some species is formed by overlapping fused plates.
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chitons
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scavengers on ocean bottom. have a hollow shell shaped like a canine tooth. burrow beneath the ocean floor in search of food with only the smaller end of shell sticking above floor so water can be moved over body for breathing.
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tooth shells
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only mollusks that have a lung in the mantle cavity. most species are scavengers, some predators. most species have large, external, well developed shell.
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snails/slugs
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larva of snails and slugs. don't have a shell but do create one as they grow.
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veliger
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occurs as a snail grows into it's shell. internal organs are moved within the body to prevent waste in the kidney or intestine from contaminating the blood in the heart or lung.
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torsion
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tropical family of snails that can fire radila like a harpoon that can inject a powerful neurotoxic venom that can instantly paralyze fish on which they feed and within moments after injection, can paralyze humans muscle needed for breathing resulting in death by suffocation.
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cone shells
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clams, oysters, scallops, and similar species. all species have body enclosed in a pair of hinged shells. only class of mollusks w/o a radula. filter feeders.
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shellfish
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larvae of shellfish. many species have a toothed shell used to create bleeding from the fish's gill on which they feed.
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glochidium
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protein produced by shellfish layered onto parasites or irritants in flesh. layering continues until they become big enough to be ejected from shell as a pearl.
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nacre
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largest invertebrate animals on Earth. all species are predators. radula is shaped like a beak for tearing of flesh and in some species for injecting venom. foot is modified into series of sucker- armed tentacles used to capture prey. have muscular siphons which create jets of water allowing them to swim.
s- 10 tentacles o- 8 tentacles |
squid/octopi
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dark inklike material released into water to obscure vision of predators.
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sepia
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cells in the skin that allow rapid color change that squid/octopi use as a means of communication.
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chromatophores
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largest species of invertebrate animals on Earth. specimens have been found measuring over 60 ft. in length
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giant squid
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small species off the coast of the hawaiian islands w/ a venomous bite that can be fatal if untreated.
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blue ring octopus
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spiny skinned animals. all species are marine only. calcified internal skeleton w/ spines protruding through a leathery skin.
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echinodramata
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body plan unique to echinoderms in which body organs are arranged in bilateral groups in multiples of 5 in a circular pattern around a central point.
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pantamerous biradial symmetry
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series of tubes running through an echinoderm's body through which ocean water flows to move materials through the body and to create pressure changes that allow the body to move.
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water vascular system
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small species off the coast of the hawaiian islands w/ a venomous bite that can be fatal if untreated.
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blue ring octopus
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spiny skinned animals. all species are marine only. calcified internal skeleton w/ spines protruding through a leathery skin.
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echinodramata
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body plan unique to echinoderms in which body organs are arranged in bilateral groups in multiples of 5 in a circular pattern around a central point.
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pantamerous biradial symmetry
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series of tubes running through an echinoderm's body through which ocean water flows to move materials through the body and to create pressure changes that allow the body to move.
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water vascular system
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largest and most common echinoderms. predators that feed exclusively on shellfish. stomach extends out of mouth into shells of their prey to break down and absorb tissues.
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starfish
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nocturnal scavengers that have long, slender, snakelike arms which allow them to easily guide over the ocean's bottom.
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brittlestars
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ability to self sever and regenerate body parts as a method of escaping predators.
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autotomy
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characterized by long prominent spines extending through skin. s are scavengers w/ spines that are soft and hairlike. s are predators which feed on coral, spines are short w/ defensive needles. they destroy coral reefs allowing tides and waves to come further inland where they can cause beach erosion and coastal flooding.
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sand dollars/ sea urchins
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bottom dwelling scavengers found in all of the Earth's oceans. only echinoderm used as seafood. have ability to fire poisonous darts from anus as defense weapon.
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sea cucumber
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sessile bottum dwelling filter feeders. long stalklike body with arms arranged at the top giving them a floral appearance. fossils indicate they are one of the most ancient forms of life on Earth today.
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sea lillies
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largest phylum of animals on Earth, accounting for nearly 80% of all animal species. all species have highly jointed legs and other appendages giving them a wide range of motion which is a major factor contributng to their success. all species have a complete digestive system and an open circulatory system. all species have an outer protective shell known as an exoskeleton made of the complex carbohydrate, chitin.must be periodically shed to allow the animal to grow in the process known as ecdysis.
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arthropoda
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less common arthropods. all species have fanglike mouth parts for injecting venom or stomach acids and for sucking out blood or liquified tissues.
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chelicerates
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now extinct group of arthropods. fossils are found over the entire Earth and in high numbers. have a body structure similar to modern lice and are thought to be ancestors of all arthropods.
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trilobites
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common ocean scavengers w/ body covered in a large shell known as a carapace. have a long spinelike tail used in mating. fossils indicate they are most ancient surviving class of arthropods.
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horseshoe crab
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largest most common group of chelicerates. all species at some point in their life have 8 legs attached to 2 body segments.
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arachnids
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forward body segment containing the eyes, mouthparts, legs, and major organs.
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cephalo thorax
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rear body segment containing digestive and reproductive organs and other specialized structures.
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abdomen
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predator. abdomen is multi-segmented and ends w/ a venomous stinger called the telson used mainly as a defensive weapon. first pair of legs are modified into pincer like structures known as chelipeds which are used to tear apart their prey. (insects)
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scorpions
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found throughout Europe and parts of Asia. scavengers w/ a body similar to the true scorpion but the tail is hollow and used to sling acetic acid at the eyes of the animal attacking it.
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whiptail scorpion
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parasites that attack the skin of their hosts feeding on blood or tissue fluids. major spreaders of disease.
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ticks and mites
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largest and most diverse arachnids. all species are predators. all species are venomous and form a web though it may not be used to capture prey?????
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spiders
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internal organ in the abdomen that produces fluids which hardens on air contact to become the material of the spiders web.
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silk gland
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muscular structure on the outside of abdomen that control the release of materials from the silk gland.
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spinerettes
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Australia. Have most potent venom of any spider.
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Funnel web spiders
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Central America. cause most deaths caused by spider bites per year.
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banana spiders
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two spider species native to the U.S. that have venom powerful enough to threaten human health.
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black widow/ brown recluse spider
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more common arthropods characterized by the true functional jaws.
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Mandibulates
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long multi-segmented bodies with at least one pair of legs per segment.
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Myriopods
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tropical and temperate scavengers with 2 pairs of legs per segment. Use a defensive behavior called musking in which they throw manure and urine at a predator to create odors that will hopefully make predator ill.
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Millilpedes
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predators with one pair of legs per segment armed with venomous fangs on their head.
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Centipedes
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Largest arthropods with all species using gills.
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Crustaceans
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Sessile filter feeders which have a hinged exoskeleton that can be opened or closed for filter feeding. Have economic concern created by ability to attach to ships making less streamlined and requiring more fuel to move through the water.
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Barnacles
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Extremely large arthropods with well developed chelipeds used for defense or capturing food. Most species are major sources of seafood.
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Lobsters, Crabs, and Shrimp
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Only terrestrial crustaceans. Found in damp areas such as rotting wood which allows gills to function normally and where they survive as scavengers
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Pill Bugs
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Microscopic crustaceans. Found in all ocean waters. Form most of ocean plankton which is base of marine food chains.
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Copepods
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Most common form of arthropods. All species at some point in their life have 6 legs attached to 3 body segments.
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Insects
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Forward body segment containing mouth parts, brain, antennae, and a large number visual organ called the compound eye which has multiple lenses and provides a nearly complete 360 degree view.
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Head
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Midbody segment containing the legs, the wings (if present) , and most vital organs.
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Thorax
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Holes in thorax that allows air into and out of the lungs.
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Spiracles
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Rear body part (posterior) segment containing the digestive and reproductive organs as well as other specialized structures.
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Abdomen
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Structure on the female abdomen that lays fertilized eggs in a suitable area.
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Ovipositor
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More common. Eggs hatch into an immature stage known as larva which is physically different from the adult and uses a different food source that prevents competition with the adult. Eventually goes into a dormant stage known as the pupa which takes place in a cocoon-like structure known as the chrysalis in which it transforms into an adult.
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Complete metamorphosis
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less common. eggs hatch into an immature form known as the nymph which uses the same food source as the adult and has the same physical structure but lacks the ability to reproduce.
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incomplete metamorphisis
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only winged insects with a single pair of wings.
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flies and mosquitoes
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characterized by a highly jointed foot which allows them to grasp and crawl over virtually any surface.
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roaches, grasshoppers, and mantids
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most common group of insects with one pair of wings thickened into protective shell-like structures.
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beetles
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long coiled mouth parts that can be extended into a flower to siphon up nectar.
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butterflies and moths
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