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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics of Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes:
Mouth origin |
Protostomes - blastopore
Deuterostomes - never from blastopore |
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Characteristics of Protostomes vs Deuterostomes:
Coelom formation |
Protostomes: Schizocoely
Deuterostomes: Enterocoely |
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Characteristics of Protostomes vs Deuterostomes:
Cleavage pattern |
Protostomes: Spiral
Deuterostomes: Radial |
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Characteristics of Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes:
2nd Cleavage cell fates |
Protostome: Determinate
Deuterostome: Indeterminate |
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Schizocoelous
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Solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom
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Enterocoelous
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Folds of archenteron form coelom
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Characteristics of Platyhelminthes
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Flat, acoelomate, gastrovascular cavity, cephalization with anterior brain and paired longitudinal nerve cords, protonephridial system, and hemaphodites
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Photonephridial system
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flame cell (ciliated)
solenocyte (single flagellum) |
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3 Classes of Platyhelminthes and their common names:
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Class Turbellaria – freshwater, terrestrial, and marine flatworms
Class Cestoda - tapeworms Class Trematoda - flukes |
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Characteristics of Class Turbellaria
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-Freshwater, marine and terrestrial
-Active carnivores (free living) -Variation in development of gastrovascular cavity -Both marine and terrestrial (still prefer damp, trop. or subtropical places) |
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Characteristics of Cestoda
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-Scolex
-Proglottids -No gut -Tegument -Non-ciliated syncytial covering -Parasitic |
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Characteristics of Class Trematoda
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Bilobed or two-branched gut
Tegument Parasitic - 2 + hosts in life cycle Definitive host – home of adult fluke Intermediate hosts – homes of larval stages |
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Ectoparasites
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parasites that remain on the outside of the host
(examples include monogenea, ticks, fleas, mosquitos, etc.) |
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Endoparasites
Define and provide 4 main types: |
parasite that inhabits the internal organs or tissues of an animal
1. Parasitoid 2. Parasitic castrators 3. Single host 4. Multiple host |
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Parasitoid
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Completely consumes host; many wasps and flies
Example: Wasp eggs on catepillar - Kills the host |
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Parasitic castrator
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Castrates host prolonging host life; barnacles on crab
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Single host (parasites)
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Only one host is involved - primary host without the use of an intermediate.
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Multiple host (parasites)
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Definitive host – home of adult stage
Intermediate hosts – home of larval stages |
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Challenges for survival and reproduction by parasites?
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1) Dispersal - Some produce massive number of propagules; Alter host behavior to enhance transmission;Prolong host life span
2) Evading host defenses -Cloaking and the parasite vaccine issue; Encapsulation 3) Energy - Alter host metabolism - castrators |