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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parthenogenesis |
development of eggs which dont need fertilization |
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two types of sexuality |
gonochoristic - having seperate sexes hermaphroditic - same sex (sequential hermaphrodism=(protandric[m-->f]/protogynous) |
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external fertilization |
release of eggs and sperm in surrounding seawater free spawning: results in larvae (lecithotrophic(yolk feeding) and planktotrophic(plankton feeding) |
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parsimony |
simplist explanation, least amount of steps |
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2 body plans |
-bilateral(cephalization) -radial |
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germ layers |
diploblastic (2 layers-endoderm,ectoderm), no tissues between layers, common in cnidarians triploblastic(mesoderm-layer of tissue between endo and ecto, muscles and circulatory system) |
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3 groups of triploblastics |
coelomates-fluid filled body cavity between gut and outer body wall, derivative of mesoderm pseudocoelomates-internal body cavity not derived from mesoderm, different formation) acoelomates=no body cavity |
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how are coelomates formed (mechanisms) |
protostomes = schizocoely(split) coelom forms by gradual enlargement of split in mesoderm deuterostomes (enterocoely(from the gut) froms from part where eventually becomes the gut |
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general characteristics of protists |
unicellular,functions as complete organism, plasmalemma-complexity arrises from organelles contractile vacules, trichocyts,toxicyts(expel excess water, protection, aid in predation) |
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protozoan locomotory systems |
cilia, flagella, pseudopodia |
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group alveoli |
3phyla: ciliophora,dinozoa,apicomplexa |
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ciliates |
defining characteristics: body externally cilliated for some stage, individual cilia connected by fibers, one micronucleus and one macronucleus cytosome,pellicle,aveoli,cytoproct,test |
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dinoflagellates |
defining characteristics: 2 distinctive flageslla(suculus and girdle), marine and freshwater,cellulose plates,bioluminescens,red tides,photosynthesize |
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defining characteristics of apicomplexans |
in certain stages, cluster of roganelles and microtubles forms at one end(apical complex) all members are endoparasites cant only reach adulthood in the definitive host many have intermediate hosts gametocytes,sporozoites,merozoites |
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amoeboizoans |
defining characteristics: possess shapeless bodies with wide,blunt pseudopodia (lobodia) they have only a cell membrane (naked) or can secrete covering of protein(test) free living asexually, some sexually cilia or pellicle amorphous or highly structured |
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rhizaria |
two major groups formanifera and radiolaria form: secrete multi chambered tests,pseudopods emerge through test. mairne and benthic , reticulopodia for food capture radio: body is spherical and divided by capsule. rigid exoskeleton(mostly planktonic), divided into intracapsular/extracapsular |
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flagellated protazoans |
one or more flagella have pellicle giving defined body shaped free living and motile flagellates can be photosynthesizing, parasitic, or particle feeding |
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free living zooflagellates |
free living in freshwater or soil coanoflagellates: sessile, single flagellum, colonial |
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parasitic zooflagellates |
1/4 are parasitic complex life cycles trypanosomes is major group of parasites kinetoplast : disc of dna in single large mitochondrian hypermastigotes : unique relationship with termites to digest cellulose |
