Int.science Fcat

Front 1

average kinetic energy of a substance

Back 1

temperature of the substance

Front 2

thermal energy

Back 2

total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in a sample of matter

Front 3

heat

Back 3

transfer of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to one at a lower temp.

Front 4

melting

Back 4

process by which the solid state changes to the liquid state

Front 5

melting point

Back 5

temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Front 6

heat of fusion

Back 6

energy needed to change a solid to a liquid at its melting point.

Front 7

freezing

Back 7

process by which a liquid changes to a solid.

Front 8

solid

Back 8

attractive forces are strong enough to hold the particles in an ordered arrangement.

Front 9

vaporization

Back 9

process by which a liquid changes to a gas

Front 10

two forms of vaporization

Back 10

evaporation and boiling

Front 11

evaporation

Back 11

occurs when particles at the surface of a liquid leave the liquid and become a gas

Front 12

boiling

Back 12

occurs throughout a liquid, only at a certain temp, the boiling point of a liquid is the temp at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the outside pressure acting on its surface.

Front 13

heat of vaporization

Back 13

amount of energy required to change a liquid to a gas.

Front 14

condensation

Back 14

when a substance changes from a gas state to a liquid state.

Front 15

particle

Back 15

obj with a position in space

Front 16

wave

Back 16

repeating disturbance or movement tht transfer energy

Front 17

electromagnetic wave

Back 17

made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space where matter is not present

Front 18

visible light, microwaves, radio waves, n x rays are examples of ..

Back 18

electromagnetic waves

Front 19

which wave does not require matter to propagate?

Back 19

electromagnetic waves

Front 20

electron

Back 20

particle that can behave like a wave

Front 21

photon

Back 21

electromagnetic wave can behave as a particle called a photon, a photon is related to the distance between each wave peak

Front 22

electron is a particle because..

Back 22

it can be thought of as an obj

Front 23

energy forms

Back 23

electrical, mechanical, chemical, radiant and thermal

Front 24

energy

Back 24

ability of an obj to produce change in its self

Front 25

photosynthesis

Back 25

1.sun provides radiant energy-plants take that energy and convert it to chemical energy.

Front 26

two forms of mechanical energy

Back 26

kinetic n potential

Front 27

temperature

Back 27

measure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Front 28

heat

Back 28

transfer of thermal energy between two objs in contact with each other.

Front 29

thermal equilibrium

Back 29

when there is no longer a net transfer of thermal energy the temp of the thermometer is the same as of the obj

Front 30

Celsius scale

Back 30

based on the normal freezing point of water at 0 degrees and the boiling point at 100.

Front 31

fahrenheit

Back 31

freezing point of water at 32 degrees and boiling point at 212 degrees.

Front 32

electric field

Back 32

an area in which another charged particle experiences a force

Front 33

magnetic field

Back 33

an are in which a magnet experiences a force

Front 34

thermal energy

Back 34

sum of kinetic and potential energy on an object

Front 35

first law of thermodynamics

Back 35

states that the increase in thermal energy of the system equals the work done on the system plus the heat transferred to the system.

Front 36

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 36

heat always flows from warmer areas to cooler areas.

Front 37

entropy

Back 37

measure of the disorder and refers to the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.

Front 38

newtons third law of motion

Back 38

to every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Front 39

newtons first law

Back 39

an obj moving at a constant velocity remains that way unless an unbalanced force acts on it.

Front 40

centripetal force

Back 40

obj moves in a circular path

Front 41

centrifugal

Back 41

referring to motion away from the center of the circle.

Front 42

tropics

Back 42

areas just north and south of the equator -- receives the most intense radiation

Front 43

temperate climate zones

Back 43

areas north and south of the tropics

Front 44

polar regions

Back 44

have extremely cold climates

Front 45

topography

Back 45

changing elevation of a place n describes the surface of Earth.

Front 46

wind

Back 46

function of air mass and pressure

Front 47

trade winds

Back 47

blow in the tropics and move warm air toward the temperate climate zones

Front 48

polar easterlies

Back 48

blow through the polar climate zones and move cold air toward the temperate climate zones.

Front 49

prevailing westerlies

Back 49

lie between the trade winds and the polar easterlies.

Front 50

earths four layers in order

Back 50

inner,outer,mantle, and crust

Front 51

seasons r caused by

Back 51

tilt n revolution of earth in its yearly orbit around the sun.

Front 52

moon phases

Back 52

new moon
waxing crescent
1st quarter
waxing gibbous
full
waning gibbous
3rd quarter
waning crescent
and then new again

Front 53

solar eclipse

Back 53

moon passes between the earth and the sun and casts a shadow on earth.

Front 54

lunar

Back 54

earth is between sun and moon and casts a shadow on the moon

Front 55

spring tides

Back 55

high tides are extremely high, and low tides are rly low.

Front 56

neap tides

Back 56

both high and low tides are weak

Front 57

inner planets

Back 57

mercury, venus, earth, and mars

Front 58

outer planets

Back 58

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

Front 59

terrestrial planets

Back 59

small planetary bodies with solid surfaces, aka inner planets

Front 60

gas giants

Back 60

larger, less dense, and have gases aka outer planets

Front 61

stars with greater mass evolve more quickly than stars with ...

Back 61

less mass

Front 62

nebula

Back 62

all stars form when a cloud of interstellar gas and dust called a nebula collapses on itself as a result of gravity.

Front 63

red giant

Back 63

a star that has one solar mass, extremely large star

Front 64

super giant

Back 64

a star with a mass of about five solar masses

Front 65

asteroids

Back 65

rocky objs formed from material similar to that of planets

Front 66

comets

Back 66

made of dust and rock mixed with ice..etc

Front 67

meteroids

Back 67

other rocky objs orbiting throughout the solar system

Front 68

meteors

Back 68

when meteoroids enter Earths atmosphere and then burn

Front 69

meterites

Back 69

when meteoroids enter earths atmosphere and do not burn.