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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an informal fallacy?
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An informal fallacy is a poplular but invalid (or unhelpful) from of argument.
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What are three informal fallacies?
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Three informal fallacies are:
1. Fallacies of distraction 2. Fallacies of ambiguity 3. Fallacies of form |
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Tell me about the fallacy of distraction.
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The fallacy of distraction is an argument that confuses the issue by pointing to information that is actually irrelevant to the conclusion.
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What are some forms of fallacies of distraction.
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Some forms of fallacies of distraction are:
1. Ipse dixit 2. Ad populum 3. Ad baculum 4. Ad hominem 5. Bulverism 6. Tu quoque 7. Ad ignorantiam 8. Chronological snobbery |
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Tell me about Ipse dixit.
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Ipse dixit is an illegitimate appeal to authority. In Latin, ipse dixit means "he has said it himself".
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Tell me about the fallacy ad populum.
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The fallacy, "ad populum" is an illegitimate appeal to a majority or an appeal "to the masses".
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Tell me about the fallacy ad baculum.
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The fallacy "ad baculum" is an illegitimate appeal to force. (appeal to the stick)
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Tell me about the fallacy ad hominem.
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The fallacy, ad hominem, means "to the man". It is a verbal attack on a person rather than his argument.
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Tell me about the fallacy Bulverism.
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The fallacy, Bulverism, (the genetic fallacy) is attacking a position by pointing out how the arguer came to hold it.
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Tell me about the fallacy tu quoque.
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The fallacy, tu quoque, points to an inconsistency between a person's argument and behavior. It means in essence, "Yeah! Well, you do it too!"
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Tell me about the fallacy ad ignorantium.
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The fallacy, ad ignorantium, is an argument from lack of evidence,i.e. "nobody has proven it to be false, so it must be true."
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Tell me about the fallacy of Chronological snobbery.
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The fallacy of chronological snobbery is an argument based merely on the passage of time. It is when you reject or affirm a position solely based on how old or new it is.
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What must we always use when identifying an argument as a fallacy?
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We must always use wisdom when identifying an argument as a fallacy.
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Tell me about fallacies of ambiguity.
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Fallacies of ambiguity are arguments that confuse the real issue with multiple, vague, or otherwise unclear meanings.
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What are five types of fallacies of ambiguity?
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Five types of fallacies of amiguity are:
1. Equivocation 2. accent 3. amphiboly 4. composition 5. division |
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Tell me about the fallacy equivocation.
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The fallacy of equivocation is changing the definition of a term in the middle of an argument.
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Tell me about the fallacy of accent.
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The fallacy of accent alters the meaning of a statement through changed emphasis.
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Tell me about the fallacy of amphiboly.
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The fallacy of amphiboly is vagueness of grammar that disguises or alters meaning.
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Tell me about the fallacy of composition.
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The fallacy of composition is the fallacy of transferring attributes from part to whole.
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Tell me about the fallacy of division.
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The fallacy is the fallacy of transferring attributes from whole to part.
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When do fallacies of ambiguity occur?
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Fallacies of ambiguity occur when an argument is unclear in some way. This can be due to the lack of clarity of individual words or of the sentence as a whole.
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