Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Logic?
|
Logic is the Science and Art of reasoning well.
|
|
Tell me about the Law of Excluded Middle.
|
The Law of Excluded Middle is as follows:
Any statement is either true or false. |
|
Tell me about the Law of Identity.
|
The Law of Identity states that if a statement is true, then it is true.
|
|
Tell me about the Law of Non-contradiction.
|
The Law of Non-contradiction states that statement cannot be both true and false.
|
|
Tell me about Formal Logic.
|
Formal logic deals with the proper modes of reasoning, by considering the means of distinguishing between proper and improper modes of reasoning.
|
|
Tell me about Informal Logic.
|
Informal Logic deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning, such as defining terms, relating terms to each other, and determining relationships between statements.
|
|
Tell me about Induction: the Logic of the experiemental sciences.
|
Induction is reasoning with probablility from examples or experience to general rules. Induction deals with arguments of likelihood and probability.
|
|
Tell me about Deduction.
|
Deduction is reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions. Arguments are either valid or invalid.
|
|
Tell me about Inductive Conclusions.
|
Inductive conclusions are never certain, only probable. They can be considered either strong or weak depending on how well the experience supports the conclusion.
|
|
Tell me about Propositional Logic
|
Propositional Logic is a part of deduction reasoning that connects entire propositions together in arguments.
|
|
What is a term?
|
A term is a concept that can be expressed precisely.
|
|
What is a definition?
|
A definition is a statement that gives the meaning of the term.
|
|
What is an ambiguous word?
|
An ambiguous word is a word that has more than one meaning.
|
|
What are the 5 types of definitions?
|
The five types of definitions are: lexcial, precising, stipulative, theoretical, and persuasive.
|
|
What is a vague word?
|
A vague word is a word whose extent is unclear.
|
|
What is a lexical definition?
|
A lexical definition is a definition that shows relationships or reduces ambiguity by providing a single, established meaning of a term. This is the sort of definition one would find in a dictionary.
|
|
What is a precising definition?
|
A precising definition seeks to make more precise what was previously vague or fuzzy. They apply only to the situation in which they are used.
|
|
What is a stipulative definition?
|
A stipulative definition is a definition that is given when a new word is invented or an existing word is applied in a new way.
|
|
What is a theoretical definition?
|
A theoretical definition is a definition that is given for a term because the term is not understood; often scientific or philosophical in nature.
|
|
What is a persuasive definition?
|
A persuasive definition is a definition that is given in order to influence the attitudes and emotions of the audience.
|
|
Tell me about 6 purposes which definitions serve.
|
1. show relationships between terms
2. remove ambiguity 3. reduce vagueness 4. increase vocabulary 5. explain theoretically 6. influence attitudes |
|
Tell me about the genus of a term.
|
The genus of a term is a term that is more general, broad, or abstract than the original term and includes it.
|
|
Tell me about the species of a term.
|
The species of a term is a term that is more specific, narrow, or concrete than the original term and is included by it.
|
|
Tell me about the errors of constructing genus and species charts.
|
The errors of constructing genus and species charts are
1. Species overlap 2. Ambiguous terms 3. Confusing genus/species with part/whole |