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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Theory X
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McGregor's supervisor-centered style. Managers believe that employees are lazy, uncreative, undisciplined, and generally not interested in doing a good job.
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This manager micromanages
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Theory Y
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McGregor subordinate-centered. Management assumes employees may be ambitious, self-motivated, accept responsibility, exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties.
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Pyrimid:
1. Physiological needs 2. Safety needs 3. Social needs 4. Esteem needs 5. Growth needs or Self-actualization |
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Expectancy Theory
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Victor Vroom -
An individual will act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. Effort-Performance Performance-Reward Attractiveness-How attractive is the reward? |
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Enpowerment
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the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes.
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Analytical Problem Solving
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The ability to identify and gather relevant information; to and interpret data and to recognize relationships, issues and obstacles to generate alternative course of action.
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Technical Competence
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The ability to understand and use technical information and to pocess the knowledge relevant to a process or organaization that enable the individual to communicate with technical specialists.
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Computer Literacy
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The level of facility an individual has with different types of hardware, software and systems.
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Negotiation Aptitude
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Negotiation Skills.
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Capital Budget
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The budget for buildings, equipment and other long term assets that are used for the OPERATION of the organization
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Zero-Based Budget
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A process that does not use past experience to determine future needs. The assumption is that the budget is prepared from scratch, ZERO BASED
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Cash-Flow Budget
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Links expenditures and cash requirements during the budgetary period. Funds are made available as expenditures are required
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Program/Project Budget
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often used for not-for-profit and governmental entities
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Open-to-Buy Budget
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Also called OTB budget, often used in the retail sector
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Commodity Segmentation
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Dividing an organization's total spend into categories of goods and services; Acquisition-low risklow value
Critical-high risk/low value Leverage-low risk/high value Stragtegic-high risk/high value |
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Before-the-fact controls
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Measurable and based on business plans, forecasts, budgets and policies/prodecures
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During-the-fact controls
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Relate to quality and timing issues (scheduled due date or activity completion dates)
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After-the-fact controls
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Reviews to measure what actually happened as in audits, periodic reports and procedure reviews
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Centralization
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Buying for all sites at a central location. Authority and responsibility is with one central group
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Decentralization
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Giving each site full authority to conduct all of its purchasing activities
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Re-Engineering
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Redesign of processes to reduce cycle time and emphasize value-added activies
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Reason for Forms
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Communication
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Purchase price variance
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PPV is the difference between the standard price and the actual price paid during a budget period
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Periodic Review of Forms
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Should be reviewed at least annually
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Parity of Authority
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Matching the responsibilty with equal authority
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Line Relationship
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Must be a solid line from person to person on the organizational chart. Line does or directs.
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Staff Relationship
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Broken line from person to person on the organizational chart. Staff advises.
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Span of Control
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The number of people a manager supervises
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"Flat" Organization
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Indicates that one supervisor has a large number of people reporting to him or her
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Advantages of promoting from within
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1. Tends to keep morale high
2. Stimulates individual performace by offering advancement. 3. Reduces training costs |
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Disadvantages of promoting from within
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1. Results in a chain of lower-level promotions.
2. Produces in-breeding 3. Poor morale due to lack of not being selected |
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Advantages of recruiting/hiring outside
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1. Brings new ideas to the organization
2. Prevents substituting of seniority for management ability |
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Disadvantages of recruiting/hiring outside
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Training may be higher
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Federal Civil Rights Acts of 1964 - Title VII
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Makes it illegal to discriminate among employees on the basis of race, religion, color, sex or national origin - ALSO INCLUCDES SEXUAL HARASSEMENT
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Executive Order 11246 of 1965
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Prohibits discrimination in federal employment or an organization that has a government contract of subcontract.
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Age Discrimination Act of 1967
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Restricts employers of more than 20 employees in the public and private sector from discriminating in the employment and termination of individuals who are over 40 years old.
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Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
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EEOA - Provides a series of amendments to Title VII expanding coverage to all organizations with 15 or more employees.
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EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
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Has the power to directly file lawsuits against offending organizations and requires organizations to take "affirmative action."
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Affirmative Action
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Requires employers to take additional steps to attaract, retain, and develop skills of protected group members that the organization has a record of discriminating against.
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What determines appraisal factors
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Quality of work, Quantity of work, Knowledge of specific job activites, Cooperativeness, Dependability, Initiative, Accuracy, Adaptability and Attitude
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Quantitative Factors
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Are measurable and are objective
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Qualitative Factors
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Factors that are subjective
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Learn by Doing
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The employee is given general guidelines about what needs to be done and teaches themselves the nature of the job.
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Sponsor/Mentor System
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The assignment of a sponsor or "buddy" to a new employee. Sponsors should be chosen for their experience and teaching ability
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Classroom Training
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Initial training that consists of a series of brief clasroom courses dealing with team building, organizational culture, regulations, pruchasing processes and related activities.
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Functional Rotation
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Orientation method where a new employee is rotated through a series of brief assignments, both within purchasing and in other functions.
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Job Rotation
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A training method that advances an employee through a progressive series of purchasing assignments to gain well-rounded experience.
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Self-Training
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Professional development is acquired through carefully directed self-training.
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Americans with Disability Act
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The ADA prohibits discrimiation against people with disabilities. 1) the individual must be able to perform the "essential functions" of the job with or without reasonable accommodations.
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Quid Pro Quo
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Where a sexual favor is grated in return for some reward, or a refusal is attached to some punishment.
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