Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
4 most common pulmonary Sx's?
|
Cough
Dyspnea Hemoptysis Chest Pain |
|
|
General pathophys of Dyspnea?
|
Related to Gas Exchange and Proprioceptive Factors
|
|
|
Most common cause of Hemoptysis?
|
Bronchitis
|
|
|
Definition of Massive Hemoptysis?
|
>600mL of blood in 24hrs
|
|
|
Character of Pleuritic Pain?
|
Sharp and knifelike
Worse w/ inspiration and coughing Reproducible by palpation and movement |
|
|
4 main elements of the pulmonary physical exam?
|
Inspection
Palpation Percussion Auscultation |
|
|
what are you looking for w/ Inspection?
|
RR
Depth Pattern Inspiratory:Expiratory Ratio |
|
|
Normal RR?
|
12-16 is normal
16-18 is upper limit of normal 20 is high for someone at rest |
|
|
What is the normal inspiratory:expiratory ratio?
|
1:2
|
|
|
What are you checking w/ Palpation?
|
Chest Expansion
Vocal Fremitus Pleural Friction Rub Produce Pain? |
|
|
When is Vocal Fremitus increased/decreased?
|
Increased over areas of consolidation (like in pneumonia)
Decreased over areas of Pleural Effusion |
|
|
Three types of percussion results?
|
Resonant
Dull Hyperresonant |
|
|
When is it Resonant?
|
over normal lung
|
|
|
When is it Dull?
|
Heart
Liver Consolidation Pleural Effusion |
|
|
when is it hyperresonant?
|
Emphysema
COPD |
|
|
Uses of Percussion?
|
determine border between lung and other organs
measure diaphragm between inspiration and expiration |
|
|
4 elements of Auscultation?
|
Compare 2 sides of chest
Intensity of breath sounds Character of breath sounds Added sounds present? |
|
|
What are the different characters breath sounds can have?
|
Bronchial
Vesicular Bronchovesicular |
|
|
Bronchial Breath Sounds @ inspiration and expiration?
|
They're equal during both
|
|
|
Where are BBS's best heard?
|
over Trachea
|
|
|
When can you hear BBS's and its a bad thing?
|
You can hear them over an area of consolidation
|
|
|
What are vesicular breath sounds?
|
Sounds in the normal lung
|
|
|
Vesicular Breath Sounds @ inspiration vs expiration?
|
inspiration >> expiration
|
|
|
Types of Added Sounds?
|
Wheezes
Crackles/Rales Rhonchi Pleural Friction Rub |
|
|
during what part of normal breathing are wheezes usually heard?
|
during expiration
|
|
|
When are wheezes common?
|
COPD
Asthma |
|
|
What are Crackles/Rales?
|
short discontinous sounds like rubbing hair between fingers
|
|
|
When are crackles/rales common?
|
Interstitial Lung Disease
Pulmonary Edema |
|
|
What are rhonchi and when are they heard?
|
coarse sounds heard w/ inspiration and expiration
|
|
|
What do rhonchi normally indicate?
|
Airway Narrowing
|
|
|
what is a pleural friction rub?
|
creaking or grating heard in inspiration and expiration as the inflamed visceral and parietal pleura rub over one another
|
|
|
What is Tidal Volume?
|
Normal volume of air moved in and out during unforced breathing
|
|
|
what is the inspiratory reserve volume?
|
The amount of air, on top of TV, that can be inhaled when we force it
|
|
|
What is Inspiratory Capacity?
|
TV + IRV
|
|
|
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume?
|
The amount of air after TV that can be forcefully expired
|
|
|
What is the residual volume?
|
the amount of air that ALWAYS remains in the lungs
|
|
|
What is the Functional Residual Capacity?
|
ERV + RV
basically what is normally left over in the lungs |
|
|
What is vital capacity?
|
the total amount of air we can move in and out of the lungs
|
|
|
What is Total Lung Capacity?
|
Vital Capacity + Residual Volume
i.e. the total amount of air we can get in to our lungs |
|
|
Difference between a volume and a capacity?
|
volume exists by itself and is not subdivided
capacity is 2 or more volumes |
|
|
When looking at spirometer readings, what are the most important things for me to look at?
|
VC
FEV1 FEV1:FVC Ratio |
|
|
What should the FEV1:FVC ratio be?
|
~.7 or 70%
|
|
|
What is a positive bronchodilator response?
|
12% AND 0.2 L increase in either FEV1 or FVC
|
|
|
What happens to the values of VC, FEV1, FEV1:FVC Ratio w/ Obstructive or Restrictive lung disease?
|
In obstructed, FEV1 = ~.3 or 30%
In Restricted, FEV1 is normal, but VC is LOW |
|
|
What is another key diagnostic tool in conjunction w/ spirometry?
|
the volume-flow curve
|
|
|
What does a flattened Flow-Volume Loop mean?
|
Fixed Major Airway Obstruction
|
|
|
What does Diffusion Capacity measure?
|
how well the lungs exchange the tracer gas CO
it is a measure of the integrity of the alveolar-capacity membrane |
|
|
What disorders decreases diffusion capacity?
|
Emphysema
Interstitial Disease |
|
|
What pulmonary disorders don't affect diffusion capacity?
|
asthma
chronic bronchitis |
|
|
What happens to O2 sat w/ exercise?
|
Hopefully nothing. It shouldn't fall
|
