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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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How your perception impacts your thinking, impacts your feelings, impacts your behavior.
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Acetylcholine
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Causes muscle contractions and is involved in the formation of memories.
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Dopamine
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Plays a role in movement, learning, attention, memory, and emotional response.
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Norepinephrine
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Accelerates heart rate, may affect eating habits and is linked with activity levels, learning and remembering.
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Serotonin
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Deals with emotional arousal and sleep.
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Endorphins
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Inhibitory neurotransmitters; Help us block pain by their natural morphine like effect.
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Hypothalamus
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Involved in basic drives like hunger, sex, and aggression.
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Cerebrum
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Center of thinking & language; prefrontal area of the brain. Also known as the executive center.
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Cerebellum
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Essential to balance and coordination.
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Reticular Activating System
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Involved in the regulation of sleep & waking, stimulation of this system increases arousal levels.
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Medulla
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Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and circulation.
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Cerebral Cortex
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Areas of the cortex that are not directly related to motor movement sensation, yet are related to a human’s ability to comprehend (learn), use language and their thought and memory processes as well.
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Language Functions
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Most right and left handed people have their language functions in their left hemisphere in their brains. Functions can adapt to either side of the brain.
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Broca's Area
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Located in the left hemisphere of the brain; The area of the brain that is the seat of speech.
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Wernicke's Area
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Part of the brain that primarily responds to auditory sounds (the information).
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Broca's Aphasia
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Language disorder characterized by slow, laborious speech.
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Wernicke's Aphasia
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A language disorder characterized by difficulty comprehending the meaning of spoken language.
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Positive Reinforcement
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Giving a tangible reward for reinforcement of certain behavior.
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Negative Reinforcement
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Taking away something unwanted for reinforcement of a certain behavior.
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Evolutionary Psychology
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Studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior.
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Natural Selection
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The "Theory of Evolution" concept that argues survival of the fittest.
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Behavioral Genetics
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The area of biology & psychology that focuses on the transmission of traits that give rise to behavior.
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Genotype
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Chemical DNA makeup
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Phenotype
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Physical DNA makeup
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Nurture
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Any outside genetic self influences in any and every environment you are influenced.
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Kinship Studies
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Helps psychologists determine if nature effect people more than nurture.
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Mono-zygotic Twins
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Twins share 100% of their genes, since they came from the same egg.
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Di-zygotic Twins
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Share 50% of their genes, since they come from two separate eggs.
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Pure Research
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Research conducted without concern for immediate applications.
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Applied Research
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Research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems.
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Clinical Psychologists
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Help people with mental problems adjust to reality. Help them deal with life.
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Counseling Psychologists
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Basically do the same things as clinical psychologist, but they do not deal with people who have real serious mental disorders (multiple personalities).
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School Psychologists
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Help school districts identify, monitor, and assess students with learning disabilities.
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Educational Psychologists
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Fight for the students’ learning.
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Development Psychologists
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Study the nature/nurture debate and focus on changes that effect humans including physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and personality.
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Personality Psychologists
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Identify & measure human traits.
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Social Psychologists
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Look at human behavior that occurs in social situations including thoughts and feelings
and focus primarily on external influences on behavior. |
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Environmental Psychologists
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Investigate into the ways that human environments and natural environments interact and effect each other.
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Sport Psychologists
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Help people who are athletes improve their athletic abilities; and they help former athletes adjust to a “normal life”.
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Introspection
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Looking within yourself to study your own thought processes and/or feelings.
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Structuralism
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A perspective of psychology that argues experience is a combination of a person’s sensations, feelings, and images.
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Functionalism
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The school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience; Mind over matter.
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Behaviorism Perspective
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The school of psychology that studies observable behavior(s) and the relationships between stimuli and response.
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Gestalt Psychology
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Looks at how a person’s perception influences their thinking & problem solving behaviors.
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Psychoanalysis Perspective
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The view that emphasizes our unconscious desires and/or conflicts which, in turn, greatly influences our behaviors.
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Humanism
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People are conscious, self-aware, & capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, & ethical behavior.
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Existentialism
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The view that people are free & responsible for their own behavior.
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Sociocultural Perspective
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Looks into the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, & socioeconomic status in behavior & mental processes.
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Hypothesis
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An educated guess about behavior (overt or mental) that is scientifically tested.
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Correlation
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An association between two variables; does not prove cause & effect.
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Volunteer Bias
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People who volunteer to participate in research studies tend to not accurately represent the population of interest.
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Case Study
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A carefully drawn biography that may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, & psychological tests.
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Naturalistic Observation
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Observing people in a natural environment.
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Ethical
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Moral; Referring to one’s system of deriving standards for determining what is moral.
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Informed Consent
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After receiving info about the purpose & procedures in a study, a potential candidate agrees to participate in the study.
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Debriefed Participants
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Those who had the information about the study explained to them after their involvement in the study was completed.
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Assent Forms
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Signed by those under 18 years who may participate in a study, after their parents have signed a consent form.
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Confidentiality
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Not being able to trace back any info to a particular person in a study.
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Anonymity
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Not confidentiality, info can be traced back to a pseudo name, but only the researcher will understand who is who.
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Psychomotor Overexcitability
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People with the Psychomotor Overexcitablility have a tremendous amount of energy and are constantly fidgeting.
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Emotional Overexcitability
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People with the Emotional O.E. have an innate altruistic nature.
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Sensual Overexcitability
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People with the Sensual O. E. have very unique likes and dislikes that are manifested in the human sense.
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Intellectual Overexcitability
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People with the intellectual human gift are highly curious, many are avid readers, some are very analytical, and have much higher achievement and aptitude test scores than most other people.
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Imaginational Overexcitability
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People with the Imaginational O. E. have rich fantasy lives and are naturals at positive visualization. They love to daydream ways to make their dreams into reality, and are good at it.
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Synchronous Development
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Act and have the same amount of knowledge as their peers. Make up 95% of the population.
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Asynchronous Development
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Refers to uneven intellectual, physical and emotional development. Gifted children generally develop earlier or later than most others. Makes up 2.5% of the population.
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