Introduction To Psychology 1

Front 1

What is correlational methods?

Back 1

A mathematical methos of determining whether one variable increases or decreases as another variable increases and decreases. For example, there is a correlation between intelligenece test scores and grades in schools.

Front 2

What is the scientif method?

Back 2

THe scientific method is an organized way of using experiences and testing ideas in order to expand and refine knowledge.

Front 3

Hypothesis

Back 3

In psychology, a specific statement about behaviour or mental processes that is tested through research.

Front 4

Selection factor

Back 4

A source od bias that may occur in research findings when subjects are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment ina scientific study.

Front 5

Replicate

Back 5

Repeat, reproduce, copy

Front 6

Generalize

Back 6

To extend from the particular to the general, to apply observations based on a sample to a population.

Front 7

Sample

Back 7

Part of a population

Front 8

Random sample

Back 8

A sample drawn so that each member of a population has equal chances of being selected to participate.

Front 9

Stratified sample

Back 9

a sample drawn so that identified subgroup in the popualtion are represented proportionately in the sample. How can stratified sampling be carried out to ensure that a sample represents the ethnic divirsity we find in the population at large

Front 10

volunteer bais

Back 10

A source of bais or error in research reflecting the prospect that people who offer to participate in research studies differ systematically from people who do not.

Front 11

Case study

Back 11

A carefully drawn biography that may be obtained through interviws, questionnaires and psychological tests.

Front 12

Survey

Back 12

a metho of scientif investigation in which a large sample of people answer questionsabout their attitudes or behavior.

Front 13

Naturalistic observation

Back 13

A scientific method in which organisms are observed in their naturla environments

Front 14

Correlation coefficient

Back 14

A number between +1.00 and -1.00 that expresses the strength and direction (postive or negative) of the relationship between two variables.

Front 15

Postive correlation

Back 15

A relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other also increases

Front 16

Negative correlation

Back 16

A relationship between two variables in wich one variable increases as the other decreases.

Front 17

experiment

Back 17

A Scientific method that seeks to confirm cause and rffect relationships by introducing independent variables and observing their effects on dependents variables

Front 18

treatment

Back 18

In experiments a codition recieved by subject so that its effects may be observed.

Front 19

Independent variables

Back 19

A condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed

Front 20

Dependent variables

Back 20

A measure of an assumed effect of an independent variable

Front 21

experimental groups

Back 21

In experiments groups whose members obtain the treatment

Front 22

Control groups

Back 22

In experiments, groups whose members do not obtain the treatment, while other conditions are held constant

Front 23

Placebo

Back 23

A bogus treatment that has the appearance of being genuine

Front 24

Blind

Back 24

In experimental terminology, unaware of whether or not one has recieved a treatment.

Front 25

Doubled blind study

Back 25

A study in which neither the subjects nor observer knows who has recieved the treatment