Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
PHARMACOLOGY
|
the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease". In modern times it may be expanded a bit to include, "the study of substances which interact with living systems through a chemical process, by binding to regulatory molecules which activate or inhibit a normal body process".
|
|
|
TOXICOLOGY
|
branch of pharmacology which deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems.
|
|
|
DRUG
|
"chemicals which are administered to achieve a beneficial therapeutic effect on some process within the patient, or for their toxic effect on a parasite within the patient". The underlying characteristic is that all drugs cause a change in biological function through their chemical actions. Chemical action causing biological change. Drugs may be chemicals which appear normally in the body (ie, hormones), or chemicals which are not found in the body under normal circumstances.
|
|
|
RECEPTOR SITE
|
In the great majority of cases, a drug works at a site in the body which plays some sort of regulatory role in a body process. This site is called the drug's receptor site.
|
|
|
BOND
|
The manner in which two chemicals adhere to each other. Bonds may be very weak to very strong.
|
|
|
AGONIST
|
A drug which causes a biological process to occur
|
|
|
ANTAGONIST
|
A drug which blocks naturally occurring body chemicals from causing a biological process to occur. These drugs may also be referred to as, blockers.
|
|
|
DOSE
|
The amount of drug which is administered.
|
|
|
POTENCY
|
Potency concerns the required amount of drug to achieve a desired outcome. The lower the dose of drug required, the greater the relative potency.
|
|
|
MAXIMAL EFFICACY
|
Maximal efficacy concerns the maximum response possible from the drug.
|
|
|
Rank the following insulins in regard to their onset of action (quickest to slowest):
Lente > NPH > Regular > Ultra Lente Regular > NPH > Lente > Ultra Lente Regular > Ultra Lente > NPH > Lente Regular > Ultra Lente > Lente > NPH |
Regular > NPH > Lente > Ultra Lente
|
|
|
Which of the following insulins should appear clear before use?
NPH Ultra Lente Regular 70/30 |
Regular
|
|
|
Which of the following would you expect to have the greatest effects in the body?
d-alpha tocopherol d-l-alpha tocopherol l-alpha tocopherol all of the above would have the same activity |
l-alpha tocopherol
|
|
|
Which of the following would be required for a drug to have biological activity?
the right structure the right chemical bond characteristics the right shape all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
If you want a drug to have a very short action, which of the following would be an appropriate characteristic for the drug to have?
a competitive reversibility a non-competitive reversibility antagonism agonism |
a competitive reversibility
|
|
|
The term "maximal efficacy" refers to:
how quickly a drug is absorbed the drug's relative competitiveness the maximum effect which available from the drug a drug's relative potency |
the maximum effect which available from the drug
|
|
|
Which of the following would be the most potent diuretic?
HCTZ furosemide metolazone indapamide |
furosemide
|
|
|
Given the name fosinopril, this drug is most likely a:
ACE inhibitor beta blocker sulfonylurea calcium channel blocker |
ACE inhibitor
|
|
|
An ARA works by:
blocking beta receptors in the lungs preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II blocking calcium channels in smooth muscle blocking angiotensin II receptors |
blocking angiotensin II receptors
|
|
|
Which of the following drugs work by blocking calcium channel in smooth muscle?
nifedipine prazosin atenolol phenytoin |
nifedipine
|
|
|
With which drug should you be concerned with "first dose syncope"?
prazosin furosemide nadolol valproic acid |
prazosin
|
|
|
Which of the following is available in a topical patch?
methyldopa carbamazepine clonidine captopril |
clonidine
|
|
|
Which of the following would be an appropriate drug for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?
salmeterol pirbuterol zafirlukast all of the above should be used in combination |
pirbuterol
|
|
|
Which of the following may be used for the treatment of absence seizures?
valproic acid phenytoin carbamazepine gabapentin |
valproic acid
|
|
|
Which of the following is true about benzodiazepines?
they have a wide margin of safety they can not cause any form of dependence they have a short duration of action they may be used for treatment of anxiety in nursing mother's |
they have a wide margin of safety
|
|
|
TCA's must be used with caution in people who:
have cardiac arrhythmias have prostate enlargement have narrow angle glaucoma all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
Which of the following antidepressants can raise the blood pressure?
nefazodone venlafaxine amitriptylline all of the above |
venlafaxine
|
|
|
Which of the following inhibits stomach acid production?
ranitidine nizatidine mylanta lansoprazole |
lansoprazole
|
|
|
Which of the following is not a consideration with tetracycline?
phototoxicity deactivation by dairy products the lack of an IV form bone and teeth deformities in children <8y/o |
the lack of an IV form
|
|
|
Which of the following may cause ototoxicity?
augmentin tobramycin cephalexin sulfisoxazole |
tobramycin
|
