Introduction To Nursing Ch, 10, 9, 8, 7

Front 1

PICO

Back 1

POPULATION; INTERVENTION; COMPARISON AND OUTCOME

Front 2

P - Patient, Population, or Problem

Back 2

-How would I describe a group of patients similar to mine?
-What group do I want information on?

Front 3

I - Intervention or Exposure or Topic of Interest

Back 3

-Which main intervention am I considering?
-What events do I want to study the effects of?

Front 4

C - Comparison or Alternate Intervention

Back 4

-What is the main alternative to compare with the intervention?
-Compared to what? Better or worse than no intervention at all, or than another intervention?

Front 5

O - Outcome

Back 5

-What can I hope to accomplish, measure, improve, or affect?
-What is the effect of the intervention?

Front 6

Nurse combines these four elements into a single question.

Back 6

PICO

Front 7

Nurse combines these four elements into a single question.

Back 7

*In (patient or population), what is the effect of (intervention or exposure) on (outcome) compared with (comparison)?

Front 8

Nurse combines these four elements into a single question.

Back 8

*For (patient or population), does the introduction of (intervention or exposure) reduce the risk of (outcome) compared with (comparison interventions)?

Front 9

Evidence Based Nursing

Back 9

a framework for clinical practice that incorporates the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about care

Front 10

Evidence Based Nursing

Back 10

the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient value

Front 11

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 11

1A-Meta analysis or systematic reviews of multiple well designed controlled studies

Front 12

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 12

Well-designed randomized controlled trials

Front 13

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 13

Well designed nonrandomized controlled trials (quasi experimental)

Front 14

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 14

Observational studies with controls (retrospective, interrupted time, case control, cohort studies with controls)

Front 15

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 15

Observational studies without controls (Cohort studies without controls and case studies)

Front 16

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 16

Systematic review of descriptive, qualitative, or physiologic studies

Front 17

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 17

Single descriptive, qualitative, or physiologic study

Front 18

WHAT ARE THE 7 LEVELS USED TO EVALUATE EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE.

Back 18

Opinions of authorities, expert committees

Front 19

THE THREE DOMAINS OF GRADING THE STRENGTH OF A BODY OF EVIDENCE

Back 19

Quality, Quantity, Consistency

Front 20

Quality

Back 20

Extent to which a study minimizes bias in the design, implementation, and analysis

Front 21

Quantity

Back 21

the number of studies that have evaluated the research questions, as well as the sample size across the studies and strength of findings.

Front 22

Consistency

Back 22

similarity and differences of study designs that investigate the same research question and report similar findings.

Front 23

APPROACHES TO CRITICAL THINKING

Back 23

• Nursing Process
• Mind Maps
• Journaling
• Group Discussion

Front 24

STEPS OF THE NURSING PROCESS

Back 24

• Assessment
• Diagnosis
• Outcome Identification
• Planning
• Implementation
• Evaluation

Front 25

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL THINKING

Back 25

• Rational and reasonable
• Involves conceptualization
• Requires reflection
• Includes cognitive skills and attitudes
• Involves creative thinking
• Requires knowledge
• Flexible

Front 26

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL THINKING

Back 26

• Base judgments on facts and reasoning
• Don’t oversimplify
• Examine available evidence before drawing
Conclusions
• Think for themselves
• Remain open to the need for adjustment and
adaptation throughout the inquiry

Front 27

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL THINKING

Back 27

• Accept change
• Empathize
• Welcome different views and value examining
Issues from every angle
• Know that it is important to explore and
Understand positions with which they disagree
• Discover and apply meaning to what they see,
hear, and read

Front 28

Functional nursing

Back 28

Pro:

• Caregiver becomes highly effective in performing the assigned tasks

Front 29

Functional nursing

Back 29

Con:

• Holistic view is non existing, caregivers are assigned new or difficult tasks, care becomes fragmented

• Communication becomes too time consuming.

Front 30

Team nursing

Back 30

Pro:

• As can carry out some of the functions that do not require RAs expertise

• Tasks that require several persons to be carried out with an assigned team readily available.

Front 31

Team nursing

Back 31

• Communication is not consistent.

• Holistic view of patient is fragmented.

• Resentment from UPAs and LVNs if they feel RA is focused on paperwork and documentation

Front 32

Total patient care

Back 32

Pro:

• Holistic, continues care
• Total accountability

• Continuity of communication from client to health care provider

Front 33

Total patient care

Back 33

Con:

• Tasks may be performed by lesser skilled person and can become cost effective

Front 34

Primary care

Back 34

Pro:

• Knowledge based model, gives staff nurses decision making opportunities and authority

• Provides continuity of care

• Nurse, client, physician satisfaction

Front 35

Primary care

Back 35

Con:

• Associate and primary nurse communication is not excellent

• Not cost effective

• Associate Nurses did not like taking directions from RNs

• RNs does not hold Associate Nurses accountable for care prescribed

Front 36

Case management

Back 36

Pro:

• Contributes to reduction of complications that arise during hosplilization

Front 37

Case management

Back 37

Con:

• Does not provide direct patient care

• Supervises care by UAPs and licensed personnel

Front 38

5 RIGHTS OF DELEGATION

Back 38

• Right task
• Right circumstances
• Right person

Front 39

5 RIGHTS OF DELEGATION

Back 39

• Right direction and communication
• Right supervision

Front 40

ROLES OF THE PROFESSIONAL NURSE

Back 40

•" Caregiver"
• "Advocate"
• Educator
• Leader
• "Manage"

Front 41

LEVELS OF COLLABORATIVE CARE

Back 41

• Enhance continuity across continuum of care
• Improve client satisfaction with care
• Provide research-based, high quality, cost-effective care that is driven by expected outcomes

Front 42

LEVELS OF COLLABORATIVE CARE

Back 42

• Promote mutual respect and communication between clients and healthcare team members
• Provide opportunities to resolve issues and solve problem

Front 43

PROFESSIONAL ROLES IN NURSING

Back 43

• Collaborative Practice

• Interdisciplinary healthcare team


• Consultations

Front 44

PROFESSIONAL ROLES IN NURSING

Back 44

• Continuity of Care

• Collaborations


• Co-management and referral

Front 45

HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM AND CHANGES IMPACTING THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE.

Back 45

• Population shifts
• Cultural diversity
• Patterns of diseases
• Advances in technology
• Economic change

Front 46

OCCUPATION VERSUS CAREER

Back 46

• An occupation is a job or employment

Front 47

OCCUPATION VERSUS CAREER

Back 47

a course of professional life or employment that affords the individual opportunities for personal advancement, progress, or achievement

Front 48

Halo Effect

Back 48

overrating an employee’s total performance based on a single positive event

Front 49

Horns Effect

Back 49

underrating an employee’s total performance based on a single negative even

Front 50

PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING

Back 50

• Process by which you get to know people within your organization and profession

Front 51

PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING

Back 51

• Be active in professional organizations, attend meetings, work on committees, and speak at organizational events

Front 52

PROFESSIONAL NETWORKING

Back 52

• Attend conventions, join panel discussions, and make a presentation