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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are genes?
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units of biological information encoded in DNA
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what did Griffith Prove?
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Griffith proved that Genes are made of DNA.
He proved how genetic material from killed bacterial cells can be transferred to living bacterial cells. |
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What did Avery Prove?
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He proved that Genes are made of DNA and not protein.
He used enzymes that usually break down proteins and observed that they had no effect on the abilitiy of the bacterial ells to transfer DNA |
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what the components of a bacteriophage
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Head made on protein that houses the DNA. the tail is made of protein.
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DNA
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a long polymer that forms a storage medium for genetic information
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x-ray crystallography
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the pattern prodceud by the diffratction of X- rays passing through atoms in a crystal
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what did hershey and chase discover?
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Hershey and Chase worked with a bacteriophage called T2 and observed its parasitic life cycle on cells. Their experiment proved that DNA , not protein carries the genetic material of the bacteriophage
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what are the components of DNA
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DNA is compoased of repeating units base, sugar, and phosphate group collectively called nucleotides
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what are the four bases
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Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
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Purines
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Purines are ring structures that include Adenine and guanine
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Prymidines
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structures that include Guanine and cytosine
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Is RNA or DNA more stable, and why?
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RNA and more reactive than DNA because it had two hydroxyl groups whereas the DNA strucutre only has a hydrogen bond. It is better for DNA to be more stable because it serves as a storage medium for information.
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where is the phosphae group attached on the nucleotide?
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the phosphate group is attahced to the 5' carbon on the ring.
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what is the phosphate group of DNA responsible for?
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the phosphate group on DNA is responsible for building polymers ie. linking subunits together.
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what the anti-parallel orientation refer to ?
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the anti-parrallel orientation refers to the fact that two strands of DNA run oppostite of each other, with one strand starting at 5' and the other strand starting at 3'
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Describe the donar and recipient atoms with respect to hydrogen bonding
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the donar atom is the atom which hydrogen is more tightly bonded with. The recipient atom is the hydrogen with which H is more loosley bound with
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Describe the strucutre of DNA
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DNA is a double helix with a sugar and phosphate backbonea and base pairs inside the double helix.
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what is the difference between RNA and DNA?
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RNA is less stable than DNA because of the two extra OH- groups. Also, RNA has uracil instead of thymine. DNA Is for storage while RNA has many different occupations
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why is H1N1 so difficult to get rid of ?
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H1N1 is always changing becaues it used RNA as its storage material instead of DNA
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