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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Five basic elements of music
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Melody
Rhythm Harmony Tone color Form |
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What is melody?
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series of pitches
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What is rhythm?
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The pitch and length of the note
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What is harmony?
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several pitches at the same time
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What is form?
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AABAA
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Polyrhythms
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several complex rhythms occurring at the same time
Everyone within earshot is expected to join in Involved a leader and followers |
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Call and Response
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Also sometimes called “field hollers”
Often applied to plantation songs and blues Solo and Chorus Style |
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Bandora
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a guitar-like instrument
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Koonting
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harp-like instrument
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Sansa
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thumb piano
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Balafou
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marimba-like
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Syncopation
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Accents occurring off the usual strong pulses
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Blue Notes
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bent notes” or flatted notes that give the blues their distinct sound
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COUNTRY BLUES
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Sparse, single instrument like a guitar for accompaniment
Rhythm is quite free, little sense of a steady pulse Lyrics are earthy, dwelling on hardships of the downtrodden Undeveloped, but highly expressive vocals Leadbelly; Robert Johnson |
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Example of work songs
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Juliana Johnson by Huddie Ledbetter or Leadbelly
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Example of country blues musician
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Robert Johnson
Hellhound on my Trail |
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What instrument is played in country blues?
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Guitar or Banjo
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How many bars does each verse have?
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12
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CITY BLUES
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Several instruments and/or a piano
Rhythm pattern follows a 12- bar structure Sophisticated lyrics; mature observations on love; careful construction fits rhythm and meter. Often pre-composed Vocally trained singers; refined |
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Example of city blues musician
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-Bessie Smith (1894-1937)
trained by Ma Rainey(Gertrude Malissa) -Muddy Waters (mannish boy) -Eric Clapton (crossroads) Robert Cray (labor of love) |
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Bessie Smith
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Lost Your Head Blues
St. Louis Blues Trained by Ma Rainey Lay-back style Dialogue between solo and instruments |
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Muddy Waters (Mckinley Morganfield)
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Mannish Boy
Example of city blues One can hear influence on rock and roll “Rollin’ Stone” inspired Bob Dylan’s “Like a Rolling Stone’ and gave name to popular rock group |
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Eric Clapton
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(1945 – present)
Associated with the group Cream Also joined the group Blind Faith Won a Grammy award for “Tears in Heaven” in 1993 (in memory of his son) Inducted into the Hall of Fame for Rock and Roll “Crossroads” |
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Robert Cray
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“Labor of Love”
1953 – present A lot of early themes borrowed from Robert Johnson Later used electronic enhancement Bridge Chorus |
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RAGTIME: SCOTT JOPLIN 1868-1917
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Ragtime often 16 measures long
Use of syncopation Boom-chuck pattern All rags use several “strains” Typical form is ABCD with each section repeated. Also wrote a folk opera Music used for the movie, “The Sting” (The Entertainer) |
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The group performing this video is called a small
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ENSEMBLE
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The drummer introduces various types of cymbals
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-HIGH HAT
-CRASH -SPLASH -RIDE -SIZZLE |
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He also introduces various styles of rhythms found in jazz:
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-SWING
-BALLARD -BASANOVA -SAMBA -CONTEMPORARY |
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If the bass is not electric it is
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ACOUSTIC
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A bass part that goes up and down the scale with a steady pulse is called a:
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WALKING BASS
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A piano can be played using single notes or playing groups of notes called ___________.
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CHORDS
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In early days of jazz sometimes a _________________ was used in place of a guitar.
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BANJO
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Music created spontaneously is called _____________________________.
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IMPROVISATION
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A _______________________ is created when everything else stops during a short solo.
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BREAK
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The wavering of a pitch is called
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VIBRATO
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Brass instruments can change their timbre with the use of a
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MUTE
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A ________________________ is actually an alto horn
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FLUGEHORN
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Only the ________________________ has a slide mechanism.
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TROMBONE
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Woodwinds in the jazz ensemble can include:
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-CLARINET
-SAXOPHONE -FLUTE PICCALO |
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“Vibes” is short for
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VIBRAHARP OR VIBRAPHONE
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Rhythm
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the pulse of the music
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Polyrhythm
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several complex rhythms
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Melody
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series of pitches
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Harmony
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Several pitches at the same time
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Chord 3
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3-one note played together-3rds
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Call-response
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-called field hollers
-applied to plantation songs and blues -solo and chorus style |
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Scale
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a sequence of pitches built on half and whole steps, encompassing octave
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Chromatic scale
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a half note scale
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Syncopation
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accents occuring off the strong pulses
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Blue notes
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flatted or lowered pitches
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Accent
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sudden loud or stressed note in the music
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Tempo
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speed of the music
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Phrase
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a musical sentence- ane of the building blocks of musical composition
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Fills
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transition between phrases
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Pitch
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a tone-it can be higher or lower
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Progression
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a sequence(series) of chords
in blues it can be I-IV-I-V-IV-I |
