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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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electrophysiological recordings during surgery
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-orthopedic (bones)
- Neurological (neurological system) - Vascular (blood vessels, arteries) |
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Purpose of IOM
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1. tells us how well nervous system functions when pateint cant respond/cooperate
2. identify neuronal structures and landmarks that cant be recognized on anatomical grounds, identify structures whether you can cut or not |
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Contious measurement of waveform parameters
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Morphology (shape)
Amplitude (height) Frequency (cycles per second)* (hz) * sometimes latency |
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comparison with pre-established values
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baseline before surgery
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Why do we do IOM?
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1. practical (no active patient participation is required)
2. reliable (normal recording are known to be very stable over time) 3. sensitive (they can promptly detect small changes in the activity of the nervous system |
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2 types of recording
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1. spontaneous activity
2. evoked responses |
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Spontaneous Activity
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- EEG
-EMG ( electromyogram- electrical activity of muscle) |
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Evoked responses
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Evoked Potentials
- VEP, BAER, SSEP, TcMEP (transcranial motor EP, stimulate motor cortex) - Triggered EMG |
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Consequences of Surgical intervention
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-infrequeny, may compromise the functional integrity of the nervous system
- possibly lead to post- operative neurological deficits: - Ischemia - mechanical injury |
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Ischemia
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cut off blood supply (ex- stroke), can happen anywhere in body
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Electrophysiological singals as a measure
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detect* changes in the functional status of neurological structures early enough
- actions can be taken to possibly reverse the effects of ischemia, prevent permanent mechanical injury, restore normal function - asses efficacy of a corrective action |
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oxygen delivered in___
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red blood cells
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neurons are ___ demanding
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oxygen
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_____ is carried in blood
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oxygen
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blood needs ____
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oxygen
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